The history of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Institute of Oncology is traced from the moment of its establishment to the present day. It is the oldest cancer center in Europe. Founded in 1898, the Institute was the first oncology clinic in the country and the second in the world, which essentially formed oncology as a branch of science and a separate discipline of medicine. Much of what today’s cancer research centers are proud of and apply was performed for the first time at the Institute. From its creation to the present day, outstanding oncologists have worked and continue to work at the institute, bringing glory to Russia. Today the P.A. Herzen Research Institute of Oncology is a hub of high-tech equipment and modern methods of fighting tumors in the hands of top-class surgeons and experts.