The paper considers the important aspects of a new concept of the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and their-based principles of current therapy in terms of previously little covered facts. It shows the role of the new biological targets and intracellular regulatory systems involved in the processes of growth initiation of a tumor and maintenance of its tumorigenic properties. As of now, there is evidence that a number of plant compounds, such as indole-3-carbinol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and their metabolites can selectively inhibit the activity of tumor stem cells, including their viability, chemoresistance, and metastasis, suppress chronic aseptic inflammation with all its attendant biological processes, and contribute to the maintenance of overall genomic stability. Long-term therapy on their basis as multitarget agents reduces the rate of ovarian cancer recurrences and, if the latter occur, enhances tumor susceptibility to standard chemotherapy.