The prevalence of significant drug-drug interactions in clinical practice reaches 27%. Multiple comorbidities and advanced age of patients, prescription of multiple medications and inconsistency in drug prescriptions at various stages of medical care can contribute to these interactions. The negative consequences of drug-drug interactions include adverse reactions, decreased effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, increased incidence and duration of hospitalizations, mortality and higher cost of medical care. Difficult prevention of adverse reactions may be due to insufficient awareness of physicians about tools for identifying drug-drug interactions, no standardized approach to polypharmacy and implementation of restrictive lists of medications in geriatric practice. Searching for data was performed in the Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science databases. Data were analyzed in accordance with methodology of SWOT (strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats) analysis: identifying factors of internal and external environment, organization and their division into four categories. Positive aspects of drug-drug interactions include drug synergism that may be considered in case of ineffective monotherapy and prescription of multicomponent pharmacotherapy or fixed combinations of drugs. Awareness about potentially dangerous and contraindicated drug combinations, pharmacogenetic testing, deprescribing, reconciliation of drug prescriptions at all stages of medical care and specialized electronic databases of drug-drug interactions can be used in clinical practice and development of decision-making support systems to improve the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy.