Objective. To analyze clinical features of the nervous system damage in syphilis taking into account the changes in the content of cerebrospinal fluid and clinical/anatomical brain damages of the brain. Methods. The study was based on the analysis of 47 case histories of patients hospitalized in 1995-2001. The group included 47 patients, aged from 17 to 60 years. Results. Syphilitic meningitis, syphilitic meningoneuritis, syphilitic menongoencephalitis, syphilitic meningovasculitis, cerebral gummas, syphilitic meningomyelitis and mental changes caused by syphilis are reviewed. Conclusions. The pathogenesis of different clinical forms of syphilitic damages of the brain and terminological issues are discussed.