Neurocognitive functioning in young patients with chronic endogenous depression

Close metadata

OBJECTIVE

To identify the specific features of cognitive functioning in patients with youth chronic endogenous depressions (YCED).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Fifty-one male patients with YCED (duration 36.5±12.5 month) and 18 patients with youth depression without chronic course as a comparison group were examined. A neuropsychological battery of the following techniques was used to assess cognitive functioning: the Rey — Osterrieth complex figure test, the Design Fluency Test, the Verbal Fluency Test, the 20-question Test, the Color-Word Interference Test, arithmetic problem solving, compilation of stories based on Bidstrup’s cartoons, SDMT, the Digit span.

RESULTS

Based on the heterogeneity of psychopathological features of YCED, two types were identified: unitary depressions (type 1) and supplementary depressions (type 2). Among type 2 depressions, two subtypes were distinguished: with neurosis-like disorders (subtype 2.1) and with psychopathic-like disorders (subtype 2.2). The following significant differences between different types of YHED and comparison groups were revealed: on the scale «Copying», «Simultaneity « and points when reproducing the Rey-Osterritz figure (p=0.049, p=0.024 and p=0.043); performing the second series in the Digit Span (p=0.022); in the switching test (p=0.004) and the number of errors (p=0.046) in the Color-Word Interference Test; «expansion of the utterance program» when solving arithmetic problems (p=0.012). The total number of patterns in the «Visual Fluency» test and the execution time of the «Encryption» method were significantly lower in the YHED group (p=0.049 and p=0.046).

CONCLUSION

Patients with YCED show signs of neurocognitive dysfunction. The patients of supplementary and unitary types of YCED demonstrate the differences in the neurocognitive profile. The revealed peculiarities show the perspective of YCED research and typification of chronic depression in adolescence due to the differences in the neurocognitive profile.

Keywords:

neuropsychology

chronic depression

unitary depression

supplementary depression

higher mental functions

youth

Authors:

Fateev I.S.

Mental Health Research Centre

Migalina V.V.

Mental Health Research Centre

Kaleda V.G.

Mental Health Research Centre

SPIN RSCI: 9035-3290
Scopus AuthorID: 56765570100
ResearcherID: K-5466-2013
ORCID: 0000-0002-1209-1443

Received:

28.02.2022

Accepted:

26.03.2022

List of references:

Hölzel L, Härter M, Reese C, et al. Risk factors for chronic depression — a systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2011;129(1-3):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.03.025
Hasin DS, Sarvet AL, Meyers JL, et al. Epidemiology of Adult DSM-5 Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(4):336-346. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4602
Rowland TA, Marwaha S. Epidemiology and risk factors for bipolar disorder. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology. 2018;8(9):251-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2045125318769235
Skodol AE, Grilo CM, Keyes KM, et al. Relationship of personality disorders to the course of major depressive disorder in a nationally representative sample. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;168(3):257-264. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10050695
Merikangas KR, Akiskal HS, Angst J, et al. Lifetime and 12- month prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2007;64(5):543-552. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.64.5.543
Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990—2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1211-1259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2
Jinnin R, Furukawa TA, Kawakami N, et al. PS228. Subthreshold depression persists and increases the risk for depression in late adolescence: a one-year cohort study. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016;19(1):83. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyw043.228
Köhler S, Chrysanthou S, Guhn A, et al. Differences between chronic and nonchronic depression: Systematic review and implications for treatment. Depression and Anxiety. 2019;36(1):18-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22835
Hyde JS, Mezulis AH, Abramson LY. The ABCs of depression: integrating affective, biological, and cognitive models to explain the emergence of the gender difference in depression. Psychological Review. 2008;115(2):291. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.115.2.291
Kaleda VG, Migalina VV. Chronic endogenous depression of youth. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2021;121(5-2):19-26. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202112105219
Mazaeva NA, Kravchenko NE. The nosospecific and age-sex dependent peculiarities of adolescent depressions. Sovremennaya Terapiya v psikhiatrii i Nevrologii. 2018;2:18-23. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35134861
Oleychik IV. Psychopathology, typology and nosological evaluation of juvenile endogenous depressions: a clinical and follow-up study. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2011;111(2):10-18. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=16597152
Tiganov AS. Age-related aspects of depressive states. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. Spetsvypuski. 2013;113(11):3-6. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=21074381
Krylova ES. Depression in patients with personality disorder in youth. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2018;118(8):4-10. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20181180814
Etingof AM. Clinic-psychopathological features and typology of juvenile dysmorphophobic depressions. Psychiatry. 2003;5(5):53-58. (In Russ.).
Migalina VV. Youth Chronic Endogenous Depression in Disorders of the Affective and Schizophrenic Spectrum. Psikhiatriya. 2021;19(1):54-62. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-1-54-62
Tsutsultsovskaya MYa, Kopeiko GI, Oleitchik IV, Vladimirova TV. The role of adolescent psychobiological characteristics in the formation of the clinical picture of depression and specific therapy. Psychiatry. 2003;5(5):21-28. (In Russ.).
Petrova N.N. Optimization of antidepressant therapy. V.M. Bekhterev Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology. 2013;2:83-96. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20401783
Beburishvili AA, Zyablov VA, Kaleda VG. Clinical characteristics of autoagressive behavior in youth patients with continuous cycling of endogenous affective disorders. Mental Health of Children and Adolescent. 2018;2(18):82-86. (In Russ.). https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=34878910
Isometsä E. Suicidal behaviour in mood disorders — who, when, and why? The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2014;59(3):120-130. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674371405900303
Dong M, Zeng L, Lu L, et al. Prevalence of suicide attempt in individuals with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of observational surveys. Psychol Med. 2018;49(10):1691-1704. Drozdova K.A., Rupchev G.E., Semenova N.D. Violation of verbal gloom in patients with schizophrenia. Social and clinical psychiatry. 2015;25(4):9-19.
Barbey A, Koenigs M, Grafman J. Dorsolateral prefrontal contributions to human working memory. Cortex. 2013;49(5):1195-1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.05.022
Alves M, Yamamoto T, Arias-Carrion O, et al. Executive Function Impairments in Patients with Depression. CNS & Neurological Disorders — Drug Targets. 2014;13(6):1026-1040. https://doi.org/10.2174/1871527313666140612102321
Channon S, Green P. Executive function in depression: the role of performance strategies in aiding depressed and non-depressed participants. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1999;66(2):162-171. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.66.2.162
Li M, Xu H, Lu S. Neural Basis of Depression Related to a Dominant Right Hemisphere: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Behav Neurol. 2018;2018:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5024520
Liotti M, Mayberg H. The Role of Functional Neuroimaging in the Neuropsychology of Depression. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2001;23(1):121-136. https://doi.org/10.1076/jcen.23.1.121.1223
Henry J, Crawford J. A Meta-Analytic Review of Verbal Fluency Deficits in Depression. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2005;27(1):78-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/138033990513654
Drozdova K.A., Rupchev G.E., Semenova N.D. Violation of verbal gloom in patients with schizophrenia. Social and clinical psychiatry. 2015;25(4):9-19.
Luriya AR. Vysshie korkovye funkcii cheloveka. Izdatel’skij dom «Piter»; 2018. (In Russ.).
Zejgarnik BV. Patopsihologiya. Izd. 2-e, pererabotannoe i dopolnennoe. Izd-vo Mosk. Un-ta; 1986. (In Russ.).
Wasserman LI, Cherednikova TV. The non-verbal rey-osterrieth «complex figure» test and its psychodiagnostic significance for the neurocognitive deficits qualification. Siberian Journal of Psychology. 2013;49:13-25. (In Russ.).
Wasserman LI, Ananjeva NI, Wasserman EL, et al. Neurocognitive deficits and depressive disorders: structural-functional approach to multi-dimensional comparative studies. V.M. Bekhterev Review of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology. 2013;4:58-67. (In Russ.).
Belyj BI. Psihicheskie narusheniya pri opuholyah lobnyh dolej mozga. Medicina. 1987;142. (In Russ.).
Kovyazina MS., Korsakova NT. A new look at an old problem: the category of «syndrome» in psychology. National Psychological Journal. 2015;2(18):66-76. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.11621/npj.2015.0207

Close metadata