The present paper is focused on the problem of etiology of sensorineural hearing impairment, approaches to its treatment, and actions to be taken by a physician to manage the disease. Sensorineural hearing impairment is considered to be a challenging socio-medical and interdisciplinary problem. The results obtained by Russian and foreign researchers are discussed with special reference to the treatment tympanophonia and dizziness with the use of cavinton. An example of a study carried out in this country with a view to estimating the effectiveness and tolerability of the new cavinton-based therapeutic modality. Eighty per cent of the patients involved in the study showed a significant improvement of hearing and reduced severity of tympanophonia compared with the control subjects treated by the traditional method.