Objective — to investigate the role of endometrial viral infection in patients with reproductive dysfunction and chronic endometritis, as well as the clinical efficacy of Panavir in the combination treatment of patients with chronic viral endometritis. Subject and methods. Examinations were made in 160 patients with chronic endometritis, including 130 with perinatal losses, 18 with failed in vitro fertilization attempts, and 12 with a compromised gynecological history. The investigators used cultural diagnosis and a polymerase chain reaction assay to evaluate the endometrial microflora, as well as morphological and immunohistochemical studies. In Group 1, 45 patients with viral infection received only specific antiviral therapy with nucleoside analogues. In addition to the latter, the Russian drug Panavir that has antiviral and pronounced anti-inflammatory activities was used to treat 45 patients with viral infection in Group 2. Results. The investigation revealed the high rate of endometrial viral infection associated with bacterial microflora. Morphological examinations showed that endometrial viral and bacterial elimination was postoperatively established in 42 (94%) Group 2 patients treated with Pavavirand and only in 16 (37%) Group 1 patients not receiving Panavir. The morphological signs of endometritis postoperatively disappeared in 88% of the patients in Group 2. Conclusion. Combination therapy using Panavir is effective not only in achieving the elimination of viral and bacterial infection, but also in curing a chronic inflammatory process in the endometrium.