This review article emphasizes that since 2006, a new era has begun with the global prevention of cervical cancer with vaccines. Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancers among women worldwide. According to the WHO data, over 530 thousand patients with cervical cancer, which accounts for 5% of all cancers, are detected worldwide every year. In the Russian Federation compared with other economically developed countries, the incidence of cervical cancer remains rather high (16.7 per 100 000 females). The risk of cervical cancer has been proven to increase by hundreds of times in infection with human papillomavirus with a high oncogenic potential. In 70 countries, the national programs have currently included vaccination of girls (and boys in some countries) against oncogenic types of human papillomavirus. Since 2007, the Moscow Region and 27 regions of the Russian Federation have launched the program «Vaccinal prevention of human papillomavirus-induced cancers» with two- and four-valent vaccines. Despite enormous global experience with and positive results of vaccination against human papillomavirus-associated diseases, in the world there is an active antivaccination movement, whose supporters oppose all available vaccines. The article considers and refutes the myths of vaccination opponents on the basis of research results.