The paper analyzes the state-of-the-art of obstetric service in the Russian Federation in 2008. There are trends in the country's demographic situation to be improved, the number of abortions to be reduced, the quality of a follow-up of pregnant women to be upgraded, and the maternal, perinatal, and infant mortality rates to be decreased. The "Labor certificate" program is shown to play a positive role. There is a need to activate work on upgrading the quality of medical care delivered to women during pregnancy and labor and to the newborns.