The objective of the present study was to confirm the existence of the neuro-vascular bundle in the  canal system of the mental spine of the mandible and to estimate their significance in the context of local anesthesia with special reference to stomatology. Materials and methods. The present morphological study included the craniometrics investigation of 50 corpses of the subjects aged from 60 to 80 years having no pathological changes in the maxillofacial region. The corpses to be buried at the government expense were available for the examination based at the Tanatological Department No 6 of the City Clinical Hospital No 29. Segments of the neuro-vascular bundle 0.2 - 0.8 cm in length were taken from the region of the mandibular mental spine. The material thus obtained was impregnated with silver nitrate by the Christensen method. The role of the neuro-vascular bundle (NVB) of the metal spine canal in the innervation of the frontal teeth of the mandible was objectively evaluated by means of electrical odontodiagnostics in 30 healthy volunteers of either gender at the age of 35 – 43 years with the use of an “IVN-01 PPLPTEST-PRO” apparatus. Results of the original investigations. The examined anatomical preparations showed up an additional canal buried in the compact tissue of the mandible and located behind the canal of the intraosseous part of the mental nerve anteriorly and inferiorly to the mental spine canal. X-ray examination and CT visualization of the compact matter localized inside the mandible have demonstrated that the mental spine region extends to the depth of 5.7 mm, on the average, into the mandible’s body where it makes up the walls of the similarly-named canal and the upper wall of the adjoining structure. The specimens impregnated in accordance with the Christensen method and cleared with glycerol (fig. 4) were found to contain well apparent axons among the collagen fibers when examined with a MBS-9 stereomicroscope at magnification of 12x. Conclusion. The results of the present study provide the additional data facilitating the understanding of the specific features of innervation of the teeth in the anterior part of the mandible which is of special significance for the planning of the surgical (including dental implantation and osteoplastic intervention) and endodontic treatment.