Nose bleeding (NB) is one of the most prevalent ENT conditions that need urgent medical attention. Enhancing hemostasis approaches in NB and developing hemostatic drugs with superior hemostatic qualities have remained pertinent for a long time.

OBJECTIVE

Consolidation and analysis of literary evidence regarding the efficacy of local hemostatic techniques in NB.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Data sources included publications from the Medline, Embase, and PubMed databases. The material was chosen based on the keywords «nosebleeds», «nasal cavity tamponade», and «collagen» sponge and arranged according to the degree of relevance to the information request.

RESULTS

In most instances (up to 90%), NB originates from the anterior nasal septum (anterior NB) and is mainly stopped by nasal tamponade. However, despite an acceptable hemostatic effect, this way to stop nose bleeding results in a prolonged absence of nasal breathing, significant impairment of paranasal sinus and middle ear ventilation; prolonged compression, and ischemia of the nasal mucosa, particularly increasing the risk of nasal septum perforation; elevated blood pressure, intracranial hypertension, and cephalalgia; and microbial contamination of blood-soaked gauze tampons, with an elevated risk of purulent sinusitis, acute purulent otitis media, and, less frequently, infectious toxic shock syndrome. Local hemostatic agents, such as hemostatic collagen sponges, offer distinct advantages. These sponges contain 95.5% collagen, 2% protargol, 2% Ɛ-aminocaproic acid, and 0.5% boric acid.

CONCLUSION

The inclusion of Ɛ-aminocaproic acid improves the hemostatic efficacy of a collagen sponge, while protargol and boric acid ensure its antimicrobial properties and an antiseptic effect. This determines the actuality of using a silver-containing hemostatic collagen sponge in modern NB treatment protocols.