Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Currently, there is no single cervical cancer screening program in the world. This review examines screening programs and vaccination against HPV in the world’s leading countries in the fight against cervical cancer (Australia, USA, Canada, European countries, Russia). In the world, the following models are used for screening: cytological examination once every 1—3 years, HPV testing once every 5—10 years, a combination of cytological examination and HPV testing every 5 years. It has been proven that in 99% of cases the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiological factor in the onset of this pathology. Therefore, HPV vaccination is the primary prevention of cervical cancer. Today, in 107 countries around the world, HPV vaccination is included in the national immunization schedule. The most interesting and promising is the new screening program in Australia, which includes mandatory HPV testing, the inclusion of HPV vaccination in the national immunization schedule and adherence to strict stages and control during screening. The Australian Institute of Health and Human Services has ambitious plans to end cervical cancer by 2035, thanks to a new screening program and mass vaccination of the population against HPV.