Objective — to analyze the dynamics of reproductive losses in the Chuvash Republic for the period 2002—2016., to evaluate the effectiveness of the organization of obstetric care. Material and methods. We used official data of the Federal statistical observation, analyzed infant mortality, perinatal mortality, fetoinfantile losses, the incidence of abortion. The ratio of late (28 days to 1 year) and early — (stillbirths + 0—27 days of a child’s life) deaths of viable children was used to assess medico-social efficiency of activity of service of maternity and childhood. Results. The period 2002—2016 years for the Chuvash Republic was characterized by positive dynamics of several reproductive and demographic indicators: total fertility rate has increased from 1,299 to 1,869, infant mortality has decreased in 3.6 times, perinatal mortality — by 20.9%, there was 22.9% reduction in fetoinfantile losses. According to the scale proposed by the World Health Organization, the efficiency of the service of protection of motherhood and childhood in the Chuvash Republic can be assessed as the average level in 2004, 2006, 2009, and as low in 2010, as high in 2003, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2013, a very high level in 2002, 2007, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Conclusions. A number of indicators reflecting the reproductive health in Chuvashia, have positive momentum. It testifies to sufficient efficiency of the regional model of reproductive health of women. High level of antenatal stillbirths at very low rate of decline dictates the need for measures to improve the quality of medical care during pregnancy. The primary medical task is to improve the reproductive potential of the population in modern conditions is the reduction of abortion through improved reproductive and physical health of women, as well as the rational management of pregnancy. The importance of further improvement of adolescent medicine, the introduction of targeted technologies of medical and social assistance to mothers and children, as well as the further development of spatial planning in the maternal and child health.