Autoimmune diseases associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus: possible interplay

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is not infrequently associated with other autoimmune endocrine and non-endocrine diseases included in the notion of "autoimmune polyglandular syndrome" (APS). Their incidence in the patients presenting with this syndrome is significantly higher than that of isolated autoimmune pathologies. The enhanced risk of the development of these diseases is associated with the presence of genetic markers, such as HLAII-complex haplotypes, CTLA-4, PTPN22, FOXP2, and certain other genes. Decompensation of autoimmune thyroid disorders and adrenal insufficiency, as well as the presence of celiac disease, autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia in the patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus may be responsible for the impairment of metabolic control. It is recommended that the patients with DM1 be regularly examined for the early diagnostics of autoimmune diseases including components of APS and the associated subclinical functional disturbances with a view to preventing deterioration of metabolic control.

Keywords:

type 1 diabetes mellitus

autoimmune polyglandular syndrome

autoimmune thyroid diseases

celiac disease

Addison's disease

Authors:

Larina A.A.

FGBU "Éndokrinologicheskiĭ nauchnyĭ tsentr" MZ RF, Moskva

Troshina E.A.

Éndokrinologicheskiĭ nauchnyĭ tsentr, Moskva

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