Use of recombinant adeno-associated virus for passive immunization and protection against infectious diseases

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Infectious diseases remain a serious problem that requires constant improvement of effective methods of therapy and prevention. Traditional vaccination methods provide a durable immune response, but require time to produce antibodies. Passive immunization using antibodies provides immediate protection, but is limited to a short period of antibody circulation in the body. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) has low immunogenicity and the ability for prolonged gene expression in host cells, which ensures the induction of persistent immune protection and overcomes the limitations of other methods. These properties make it a promising platform for passive immunization and long-term protection against infectious agents. The use of rAAVs, which carry genes for specific neutralizing antibodies to protect against viral diseases such as influenza, coronaviruses and HIV, demonstrate high efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies. The first phases of clinical trials of rAAV drugs for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection showed their safety and good tolerability. Also, the expression of monoclonal antibodies specific to bacterial exotoxins (enterotoxin A, cytotoxin B, botulinum toxin A, etc.) in rAAV can be used to treat the corresponding bacterial infections (clostridia, botulism, etc.). This review examines current research using rAAV as an innovative strategy for the delivery and expression of genes encoding neutralizing antibodies to provide long-term protection against infectious diseases. A review of the above studies highlights the significance and promise of the use of rAAV in the fight against infectious diseases, and also points to the prospects for further research in this area.

Keywords:

Adeno-associated virus

AAV

monoclonal antibodies

neutralizing antibodies

vector immunoprophylaxis

delivery

passive immunization

infectious diseases

HIV

COVID

Authors:

Ryabova E.I.

Federal State Budget Institution «National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya»;
Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Scriabin

ORCID: 0000-0002-2687-5185

Derkaev A.A.

Federal State Budget Institution «National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya»

ORCID: 0000-0003-3776-3856

Pimenov N.V.

Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Scriabin

ORCID: 0000-0003-1658-1949

Esmagambetov I.B.

Federal State Budget Institution «National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya»

ORCID: 0000-0002-2063-2449

Received:

18.02.2024

Accepted:

03.03.2024

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