A clinical observation of a long stay of a foreign body (meat bone) in a median lobar bronchus simulating an oncological process in a 53-year-old patient is presented. For several months, the patient was disturbed by complaints in the form of periodically occurring coughs with scanty separation of the mucous and mucopurulent sputum, pain in the chest. There was no clear indication of a history of foreign body aspiration. According to the X-ray examination, atelectasis, pneumofibrosis of the middle lobe were detected, signs of a foreign body were not found. During a series of video bronchoscopies, a complete obstruction of the lumen of the entrance of the middle lobe bronchus with neoplasia was revealed, a biopsy was taken, according to a histological examination of the biopsy, chronic productive bronchitis. The condition has regarded as a polyp at the entrance of the middle lobe bronchus and a decision has been made to endoscopically remove the neoplasm. Video bronchoscopy revealed complete obstruction of the middle lobar bronchus with a dense tuberous formation covered with granulation tissue with areas of hemorrhages. After removal of granulations, a foreign body (meat bone) was found in the middle lobe bronchus, which was removed through the endotracheal tube. According to the results of a pathomorphological study of biopsy material from the altered wall of the middle lobe bronchus after removal of the foreign body, chronic bronchitis was detected, tumor growth was not detected. There were no complications. In the case of a long stay of a foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree, a chronic inflammatory process develops with a productive component and the formation of granulation tissue that covers the foreign body. This picture can simulate the oncological process, which requires a thorough differential diagnosis. The leading diagnostic and therapeutic method in such clinical situations is bronchoscopy.