OBJECTIVE
In recent years, several key consensus documents have been published on eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs). This review aims to analyze the literature and discuss core concepts, including terminology and classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of eosinophilic gastritis, enteritis, and colitis.
KEY POINTS
Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders are a group of immune-mediated diseases of unknown etiology, characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the walls of hollow gastrointestinal organs—from the mucosa to the serosa—resulting in significant clinical symptoms, endoscopic findings, and, in some cases, complications such as perforation, bleeding, ascites, or intestinal obstruction. The first consensus document on EGIDs (2022) proposed standardized nomenclature based on the affected site: eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic gastritis, eosinophilic enteritis, and eosinophilic colitis. The clinical presentation is highly variable and non-specific, depending on the depth of inflammation (mucosal, muscular, or serosal). Validated endoscopic criteria for eosinophilic involvement of the stomach and intestines are not currently available. Diagnosis of eosinophilic gastritis, enteritis, or colitis is based on clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, and multifocal mucosal biopsy followed by histological evaluation. There are no established treatment guidelines; empiric approaches include systemic and topical glucocorticoids, biologic therapies, and elimination diets.
CONCLUSION
The diagnosis of eosinophilic gastric and intestinal diseases remains challenging due to non-specific clinical and endoscopic features and the absence of clear histopathological criteria. These conditions are rare and not widely recognized in clinical practice. Current treatment strategies include dietary therapy, corticosteroids, and targeted biologic agents.