The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604
+8 800 101-59-87
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Ovchar T.A.

Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia

Lazarev V.V.

Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, 664079

Anesthetic management of functional endoscopic endonasal rhinosinus surgery in children

Authors:

Ovchar T.A., Lazarev V.V.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2020;(1): 55‑62

DOI: 10.17116/anaesthesiology202001155

Views: 3285

Downloaded: 115

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

To cite this article:

Ovchar TA, Lazarev VV. Anesthetic management of functional endoscopic endonasal rhinosinus surgery in children. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2020;(1):55‑62. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/anaesthesiology202001155

Подписка 2025 (АиР)
МСФ на ЯМ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Regional anesthesia for shock. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2024;(1):6-13
Massive blood loss in pediatric cancer surgery. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2024;(1):31-40
Influence of sevo­flurane on neutrophils in patients with sepsis. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2024;(5):50-57
The effect of sevo­flurane and propofol on serum nuclear and mito­chondrial DNA in pediatric patients with craniosynostosis. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2024;(6):55-62
Opti­mization of anesthetic support in surgical treatment of proximal femo­ral fracture in a long-lived patient. Russian Journal of Pain. 2024;(2):49-55

Various methods of anesthesia for functional endoscopic rhinosinus surgery in children are analyzed in the article considering their efficiency and safety. The choice of optimal anesthetic management in children is still controversial due to high anesthetic risk of nasal and paranasal surgery. Literature searching was performed using Cyberleninka, PubMed, Medline, Crossref databases and others. The search was not limited by the date of publication, reports published within the last 10 years were under special attention. The purpose of review was analysis of various methods of anesthesia and assessment of the benefits of regional anesthesia for endoscopic endonasal rhinosinus surgery in children.

Keywords:

sevoflurane
tramadol
endoscopic endonasal rhinosinus surgery
regional anesthesia
pterygopalatine ganglion
pediatric anesthesiology

Authors:

Ovchar T.A.

Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia

Lazarev V.V.

Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia, 664079

List of references:

  1. Vigand ME, Iro H. Endoskopicheskaya hirurgiya okolonosovyh pazuh i perednego otdela osnovaniya cherepa. Per. s angl. Kochkina R.V., Kuz’menko E.V., Kut’ko A.P., Martovoj E.V. M.: Meditsinskaya literature; 2014. (In Russ.)
  2. Martynov LA, Merkulov OA, Matinyan NV, Buletov DA. Management of endoscopic endonasal surgeries in pediatric oncology. Onkopediatriya. 2017;4(3):204-213. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15690/onco.v4i3.1752
  3. Palabiyik F. Imaging of the anatomic variations and dangerous areas of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity in pediatric patients. İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Tıp Dergisi. 2018;10(1):36-42. https://doi.org/10.5222/iksst.2018.035
  4. Başal Y, Başak S, Bedrosian JC. Surgical Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses. All Around the Nose. Springer International Publishing. 2019;49-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21217-9_5
  5. Dinç ME, Bayar Muluk N, Vonakis BM. Physiology of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses. All Around the Nose. Springer International Publishing. 2019;57-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21217-9_6
  6. Piskunov GZ, Piskunov SZ. Klinicheskaya rinologiya. 3-e izd. M.: Medicinskoe informacionnoe agentstvo; 2017. (In Russ.)
  7. Singh GP, Chowdhury T. Brain and heart connections: The trigeminocardiac reflex! Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care. 2017;4:717. https://doi.org/10.4103/jnacc-jnacc-24.17
  8. Sharma SB, Janakiram TN, Baxi H, Chinnasamy B. Trigeminocardiac reflex during endoscopic juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma surgery: an appraisal. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2017;274(7):2779-2784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-017-4521-z
  9. Miłoński J, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Golusiński W, Urbaniak J, Sobański R, Olszewski J. Effects of three different types of anaesthesia on perioperative bleeding control in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2013;270(7):2045-2050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-012-2311-1
  10. Dutta A, Choudhary P, Sethi N, Sood J, Rai D, Gupta M. Pre-induction fentanyl dose-finding study for controlled hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2019;63(8):653. https://doi.org/10.4103/ija.ija_866_18
  11. Fakhry DM, Hatem EM, Ahmed GA. Comparison between Phentolamine and Nitroglycerin for Controlled Hypotension during Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Journal of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 2019;4(1). https://doi.org/10.33140/japm.04.01.01
  12. Ragab SM, Hassanin MZ. Optimizing the surgical field in pediatric functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a new evidence-based approach. JAMA Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. 2010;142(1):48-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.10.021
  13. Nair S, Collins M, Hung P, Rees G, Close D, Wormald PJ. The effect of beta-blocker premedication on the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope. 2004;114(6):1042-1046. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200406000-00016
  14. Carlton DA, Govindaraj S. Anesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. 2017;25(1):24-29. https://doi.org/10.1097/moo.0000000000000322
  15. Borodulin VG, Filimonov VN, Filimonov SV. Blockade of the pterygopalatine ganglion and maxillary nerve with palatine access as a way of prior anesthesia and bleeding during rhinological interventions. Rossijskaja rinologija. 2014;3(22):62-63. (In Russ.)
  16. Borodulin VG, Filimonov SV. Blockade of the pterygopalatine ganglion with palatine access in modern rhinological practice. Vestnik otorinolaringologii. 2016;81(4):38-41. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/otorino201681438-41
  17. Michael P, Farid M, Kwok M, O’Leary S. Routine nasal packing versus no nasal packing following functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015;4. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd011587
  18. Ho KWD, Przkora R, Kumar S. Sphenopalatine ganglion: block, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation — a systematic review. Journal of Headache and Pain. 2017;18(1):118. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-017-0826-y
  19. Ezzat Elsersy H. Factors Affecting Postoperative Agitation in Adults Following Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Controlled Trial. Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Journal. 2017;2(2):1-8. https://doi.org/10.23880/accmj-16000123
  20. Daşkaya H, Yazıcı H, Doğan S, Can IH. Septoplasty: under general orsedation anesthesia. Which is more efficacious? European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2014;271(9):2433-2436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-013-2865-6
  21. Atef HM, Ismail SA, Al-Touny A, Sherif Eid Ahmed Abo-rehab. Postoperative analgesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy under sevoflurane versus propofol-based anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anesthesiology. 2019;11:17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42077-019-0032-z
  22. Abubaker AK, Al-Qudah MA. The Role of Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block on Nausea and Vomiting after Sinus Surgery. American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy. 2018;32(5):369-373. https://doi.org/10.1177/1945892418782235
  23. Shelly MP, Church JJ. Bradycardia and facial surgery [letter]. Anaesthesia. 1988;43:422. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1988.tb09042.x
  24. De Burgh Daly M, Angell-James JE. Defensive reflexes from the nose, including the diving response. Respiration. Elsevie. 1981:455-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-026823-1.50059-4
  25. Kratschmer F. Uber reflexe von der nasenschleimhaut aufathmung und kreislauf. Sber Akademie der Wissenschaften. Wien Staatsdruckerei. 1870;62:32.
  26. Kratschmer F. On reflexes from the nasal mucous membrane onrespiration and circulation. Respiration Physiology. 2001;127:93-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-5687(01)00234-1
  27. Widdicombe J. Kratschmer and nasal reflexes. Respiration Physiology. 2001;127:89-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00233-X
  28. Widdicombe J. Reflexes from the lungs and airways: Historical perspective. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2006;101:628-634. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00155.2006
  29. Dagnini G. On a reflex provoked in some hemiplegics bystimulating the cornea and pressing the eyeball. Bulletin of Scientific Medicine. 1908;8:3801.
  30. Ashner B. On a previously undescribed reflection, of theeye on circulation and respiration. Disappearance of theradial pulse in pressure on the eye. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 1908;21:(15):29-30.
  31. Schaller BJ, Filis A, Buchfelder M. Trigemino-cardiac reflex in humans initiated byperipheral stimulation during neurosurgical skull-base operations. Its first description. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2008;150:715-717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-008-1602-1
  32. Schaller BJ, Sandu N, Cornelius JF, Filis A, Perez-Pinzon M. Oxygen-conserving implications of the trigemino-cardiac reflex in the brain: The molecular basis of neuroprotection? Molecular Medicine. 2009;1:15(5-6):125-126. https://doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2009.00013
  33. Abdulazim A, Steinen M, Sadr-Eshkevari P. Trigeminocardiac reflex in neurosurgery-current knowledge and prospects. Explicative Cases of Controversial Issues in Neurosurgery. Intech, Rijeka, Croatia. 2012;3-18. https://doi.org/10.5772/29607
  34. Baronos S, Fong W, Saggese NP, Luke J, Ahmed K, Yarmush J. Asystole in Orthognathic Surgery: A Case Report. Anesthesia and Analgesia Practice. 2019;12(7):249-251. https://doi.org/10.1213/xaa.0000000000000979
  35. Prabhakar H, Ali Z, Rath GP. Trigemino-cardiac reflex may be refractory to conventional management in adults. Acta Neurochirurgica. 2008;150(5):509-510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-008-1516-y
  36. Lang S, Lanigan DT, van der Wal M. Trigeminocardiac reflexes: maxillary and mandibular variants of the oculocardiac reflex. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 1991;38(6):757-760. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03008454
  37. Bohluli B, Bayat M, Sarkarat F, Moradi B, Tabrizi M-HS, Sadr-Eshkevari P. Trigeminocardiac reflex during Le Fort I osteotomy: a case-crossover study. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2010;110(2):178-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.12.054
  38. Lübbers HT, Zweifel D, Grätz KW, Kruse A. Classification of potential risk factors for trigeminocardiac reflex in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2010;68(6):1317-1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2009.12.039
  39. Abou-Zeid AH, Davis JRE, Kearney T, Gnanalingham KK. Transient asystole during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for acromegaly: an example of trigeminocardiac reflex. Pituitary. 2009;12(4):373-374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-008-0118-2
  40. Arasho B, Sandu N, Spiriev T, Prabhakar H, Schaller B. Management of the trigeminocardiac reflex: Facts and own experience. Neurology India. 2009;57(4):375-380. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.55577
  41. Campbell R, Rodrigo D, Cheung L. Asystole and bradycardia during maxillofacial surgery. Anesthesia Progress. 1994;41(1):13-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-2391(95)90254-6
  42. Meuwly C, Leibundgut G, Rosemann T, Schaller B. Sinus arrest with prolonged asystole due to the trigeminocardiac reflex during application of local anaesthetic in the nasal mucosa. BMJ Case Reports. 2018;bcr-2018-226427. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-226427
  43. Chigurupati K, Vemuri NN, Velivela SR, Mastan SS, Thotakura AK. Topical lidocaine to suppress trigeminocardiac reflex. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2013;110(1):145. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aes450
  44. Meuwly C, Chowdhury T, Schaller B. Topical lidocaine to suppress trigeminocardiac reflex. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2013;111(2):302. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aet244
  45. Rabbitts JA, Fisher E, Rosenbloom BN, Palermo TM. Prevalence and Predictors of Chronic Postsurgical Pain in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Pain. 2017;18(6):605-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2017.03.007
  46. Goksan S, Hartley C, Emery F, Cockrill N, Poorun R, Moultrie F, Rogers R, Campbell J, Sanders M, Adams E, Clare S, Jenkinson M, Tracey I, Slater R. fMRI reveals neural activity overlap between adult and infant pain. Elife. 2015;28:4. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.06356
  47. Pagé MG, Stinson J, Campbell F, Isaac L, Katz J. Identification of pain-related psychological risk factors for the development and maintenance of pediatric chronic postsurgical pain. Journal of Pain Research. 2013;6:167-180. https://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s40846
  48. DiLorenzo M, Pillai Riddell R, Holsti L. Beyond Acute Pain: Understanding Chronic Pain in Infancy. Children (Basel). 2016;3(4):26. https://doi.org/10.3390/children3040026
  49. Brioni JD, Varughese Sh, Ahmed R, Bein B. A clinical review of inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane from early research to emerging topics. Journal of Anesthesiology. 2017;31(5):764-778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-017-2375-6
  50. Ghoneim AA, Azer MS, Ghobrial HZ, El Beltagy MA. Awakening properties of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane in pediatric patients after craniotomy for supratentorial tumours. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 2015;27(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/ana.0000000000000058
  51. Kim JM, Lee JH, Lee HJ, Koo BN. Comparison of emergence time in children undergoing minor surgery according to anesthetic: desflurane and sevoflurane. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2013;54(3):732-738. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2013.54.3.732
  52. De Hert S, Moerman A. Sevoflurane. F1000Research. 2015;4:626. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6288.1
  53. Özkiris M, Kapusuz Z, Öztürk S, Bolat E, Saydam L. The effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane in nasal septal surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2013;24(2):592-595. https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e3182802029
  54. Tibbs GR, Rowley TJ, Sanford RL, Herold KF, Proekt A, Hemmings HC Jr, Andersen OS, Goldstein PA, Flood PD. HCN1 channels as targets for anesthetic and nonanesthetic propofol analogs in the amelioration of mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2013;345(3):363-373. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.113.203620
  55. Qiu Q, Choi SW, Wong SS, Irwin MG, Cheung CW, Herold KF, Proekt A, Hemmings HC. Effects of Intra-operative Maintenance of General Anaesthesia with Propofol on Postoperative Pain Outcomes — A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Survey of Anesthesiology. 2017;61(1):9-10. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sa.0000515467.27300.cd
  56. Hasani A, Gecaj-Gashi A, Llullaku S, Jashari H. Postoperative analgesia in children after Propofol versus Sevoflurane anesthesia. Pain Medicine. 2013;14(3):442-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12031
  57. Shah A, Adaroja RN. Comparison of haemodynamic changes with propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia during laparoscopic surgery. National Journal of Medical Research. 2011;1(2):76-79.
  58. Koshy S. Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on Haemodynamic Changes. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 2016;3(3):219-225. https://doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.3316.4
  59. Baker AR, Baker AB. Anaesthesia for endoscopic sinus surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010;54(7):795-803. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2010.02259.x
  60. Khosla AJ, Pernas FG, Maeso PA. Meta-analysis and literature review of techniques to achieve hemostasis in endoscopic sinus surgery. International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology. 2013;3(6):482-487. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21126
  61. DeConde AS, Thompson CF, Wu EC, Suh JD. Systematic review and meta-analysis of total intravenous anesthesia and endoscopic sinus surgery. International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology. 2010;3(10):848-854. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21196
  62. Yusupov AS. Change in hemodynamics during ENT operations in children under conditions of combined anesthesia with propofol. Vestnik ekstrennoi meditsiny. 2012;4:34-36. (In Russ.)
  63. Zabolotskij DV, Korjachkin VA, Ul’rih GJe. Postoperative analgesia in children. Are there any methods available today? (Current state of the problem). Regionarnaja anestezija i lechenie ostroj boli. 2017;11(2):64-72. (In Russ.)
  64. Lee CR, McTavish D, Sorkin EM. Tramadol. Drugs. 1993;46(2):313-340. https://doi.org/10.2165/00003495-199346020-00008
  65. Kirienko PA. The use of tramadol hydrochloride in wide clinical practice (literature review). Reguljarnye vypuski «RMZh». 2004;12(8):512. (In Russ.)
  66. Ovechkin AM. Postoperative pain: state of the problem and current trends in postoperative pain management. Regionarnaja anestezija i lechenie ostroj boli. 2015;2:29-39. (In Russ.).
  67. Korjachkin VA. Postoperative delirium: risk factors and prevention in orthopedic and traumatological practice. Travmatologija i ortopedija Rossii. 2013;2(68):128-135. (In Russ.)
  68. Chelly J. Management of Postoperative Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council. The Journal of Pain. 2016;17(2):131-157. https://doi.org/10.3410/f.726112425.793539133
  69. Zabolotskij DV, Korjachkin VA. Child and regional anesthesia — why? where to? And how? Regionarnaja anestezija i lechenie ostroj boli. 2016;4:243-253. (In Russ.)
  70. Ahamed SH, Jones NS. What is Sluder’s neuralgia? Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 2003;117(6):437-443. https://doi.org/10.1258/002221503321892253
  71. Vajsblat SN. Mestnoe obezbolivanie pri operaciyah na lice, chelyustyah i zubah. Kiev: Gosmedizdat USSR; 1962. (In Russ.)
  72. Ismail SA, Anwar HMF. Bilateral Sphenopalatine Ganglion block in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery under General Anaesthesia. AJAIC: Alexandria Journal of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 2005;8(4):45-53.
  73. Oleshhenko IG, Zabolotskij DV, Jur’evaTN, Gasparjan MA, Kursakova JuV. The influence of pterygopalatine blockade on the change in redox potential in the surgical treatment of congenital cataracts. Sibirskij nauchnyj medicinskij zhurnal. 2018;5(38):72-78. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.15372/SSMJ20180512
  74. Korobova LS, Poduskov EV, Legostaeva OA, Milashhenko TA, Erashov MA. Experience with the use of pterygopalatine anesthesia for osteoplastic surgery in ophthalmic surgery in children. Rossijskaja pediatricheskaja oftal’mologija. 2015;3:29-32. (In Russ.)
  75. Naik SM, Naik SS. Combined Nasociliary and Infraorbital Nerve Block: An Effective Regional Anesthesia Technique in Managing Nasal Bone Fractures. Journal on Recent Advances in Pain. 2019;5(1):3-5. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10046-0131
  76. Cok OY, Erkan AN, Eker HE, Aribogan A. Practical regional blocks for nasal fracture in a child: blockade of infraorbital nerve and external nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2015;27(5):436-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2015.03.018
  77. Higashizawa T. Effect of infraorbital nerve block under general anesthesia on consumption of isoflurane and postoperative pain in endoscopic endonasal maxillary sinus surgery by Higashizawa and Koga. Journal of Anesthesia. 2003;17(1):69-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005400300015
  78. Coronado GC, Suazo GI, Cantin LM, Zavando MD. Relationship between pterygopalatine fossa volume and cephalic and upper facial indexes. International Journal of Morphology. 2008;26:393-396. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022008000200023
  79. Sites B. D. Incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity and postoperative neurologic symptoms associated with 12,668 ultrasound guided nerve blocks: an analysis from a prospective clinical registry. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 2012;37(5):478-482. https://doi.org/10.1097/aap.0b013e31825cb3d6
  80. Paut O. High plasma ropivacaine concentrations after fascia iliaca compartment block in children. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2004;92(3):416-418. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeh066
  81. DeMaria S, Govindaraj S, Chinosorvatana N, Kang S, Levine AI. Bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion blockade improves postoperative analgesia after endoscopic sinus surgery. American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy. 2012;26(1):23-27. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3709
  82. Kesimci E, Öztürk L, Bercin S, Kırış M, Eldem A, Kanbak O. Role of sphenopalatine ganglion block for postoperative analgesia after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2012;269(1):165-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-011-1702-z
  83. Ekici NY, Alagöz S. The effectiveness of endoscopic sphenopalatine ganglion block in management of postoperative pain after septal surgery. International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology. 2019;9(12):1521-1525. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22411
  84. Rezaeian A, Hashemi SM, Dokhanchi ZS. Effect of sphenopalatine ganglion block with Bupivacaine on postoperative pain in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Allergy and Rhinology. 2019;10:215265671882128. https://doi.org/10.1177/2152656718821282
  85. Kim DH, Kang H, Hwang SH. The Effect of Sphenopalatine Block on the Postoperative Pain of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngology — Head and Neck Surgery. 2018;160(2):223-231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599818805673

Close metadata

Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.