Development of national and international registers for the most socially significant diseases is an important problem of contemporary medicine. Importance and priority of vertebrological register is explained by relatively young age of spinal neurosurgery as specialty, in which many questions concerning indications and optimal methods of treatment remain unsolved, and accumulated experience is quite limited. Nevertheless, vertebrology is on the way from opinions of certain experts to evidence-based scientific proofs. This transition needs generally accepted and convenient instruments for assessment of outcomes of treatment and procedures which should be presented by national vertebrological register. Aims of its development include accumulation of clinically valuable resources and knowledge in vertebrology by means of organization of society of interested professionals and patients. The paper discusses architecture, contents and importance of development of Russian vertebrological register targeted on neurosurgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, vertebrologists and other specialists dealing with this problem. Foreign vertebrological registers are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are summarized, requirements for inclusion of criteria in the register are investigated.