In the structure of morbidity and mortality has significantly increased the role of mycoses. The increase in their spread is due not only to the improvement of the quality of diagnosis, but also the emergence of new strains resistant to previously used antifungal drugs, a significant change in the immune status of the population. In addition to environmental factors, it is important to introduce modern methods of treatment that increase survival in the whole spectrum of diseases. This situation can’t affect the structure of diseases of ENT organs: the number of mycoses has increased significantly in recent decades. The issues of diagnosis and treatment of mycoses of the paranasal sinuses continue to be an urgent problem of otorhinolaryngology. The reason for this is a number of difficulties associated with the diagnosis: the absence of specific symptoms of the disease, the possible secondary nature of the attachment of fungal infection against the background of bacterial lesions, transient carrier of infection, technical difficulties and errors in the study of biomaterial with insufficient standardization of microbiological methods. Our report is devoted to the clinical case of aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus and a review of the literature on this issue, which in our opinion can be very interesting to the medical community.