The objective of the present study was to develop indications for immunological rehabilitation of the patients presenting with chronic laryngitis. Immunogenetic characteristics (including both local and systemic immunity) were elucidated in 54 practically healthy subjects and 110 patients with catarrhal, hyperplastic, and atrophic forms of chronic laryngitis. PCR-diagnostics was performed for the presence of herpes-viruses in conjunction with bacteriological studies. It was shown that the efficacy of the effector protective factors of the immune system (including its phagocytic and T-cell components) was insufficient to suppress the persistent Epstein-Barr virus infection combined with staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. The protection of laryngeal mucosa depended on the involvement of proinflammatory antibodies (IgE and IgG) in the inflammatory process and the severity of defects in the elimination mechanisms (affecting the phagocytic component and secretory antibodies). The compromised protective function created conditions for the long-term persistence of pathogens.