A study of the scientific literature on the topographical and anatomical features of the mandibular canal (canalis mandibulae) has been conducted with the priority of searching for classical dissection anatomical experiments. Scientific achievements of recent years have been identified: the microstructure of bone walls throughout the canal has been studied, the intracanal functional organization of the neurovascular bundle has been studied, variants of the position of the inferior alveolar artery in relation to the inferior alveolar nerve have been studied, and the microcirculatory bed has been studied. The features of the anatomy of the mandibular canal in the pathology of tumor growth of benign cavities of the jaws and inflammatory diseases of the jaws, as well as the anatomy of the canal in its close proximity to the roots of the third molars, remain poorly understood. The scientific novelty is the study of the shape, diameter and length of the canal at the level of pathological formations of the jaws, as well as options for lysis of the bone walls of the canal in dental pathology and developmental disorders of the mandible.