Predicting the implementation of late spontaneous abortion based on the analysis of the cytokine status of pregnant women

Rachenkova T.V.; Dudareva Yu.A.; Elchaninova S.A.; Zamyatina S.V.; Dronov S.V.

doi:https://doi.org/10.17116/rosakush20252504119

Rachenkova T.V.

Altai State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0003-0513-502X

Dudareva Yu.A.

Altai State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-9233-7545

Elchaninova S.A.

Altai State Medical University

SPIN RSCI: 9015-4554
Scopus AuthorID: 6506172875
ORCID: 0000-0003-2730-615X

Zamyatina S.V.

Altai State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-3234-8015

Dronov S.V.

Altai State University

ORCID: 0000-0002-3286-2639

Predicting the implementation of late spontaneous abortion based on the analysis of the cytokine status of pregnant women

Authors:

Rachenkova T.V., Dudareva Yu.A., Elchaninova S.A., Zamyatina S.V., Dronov S.V.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2025;25(4): 19‑28

DOI: 10.17116/rosakush20252504119

Read: 300 times

Contact the author

Table of contents

To cite this article:

Rachenkova TV, Dudareva YuA, Elchaninova SA, Zamyatina SV, Dronov SV. Predicting the implementation of late spontaneous abortion based on the analysis of the cytokine status of pregnant women. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2025;25(4):19‑28. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/rosakush20252504119

Подписка 2026 Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога (Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist)

Использование инфографики авторами научных работ

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE

Prediction of late spontaneous abortion based on anamnestic and clinical data, as well as analysis of cytokine status at the local and systemic levels in patients with threatening late spontaneous abortion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In the period 2022—2024, a comprehensive prospective comparative study was conducted, which included 35 patients with clinical manifestations of a threatening spontaneous abortion at gestational age of 10.0—21.6 weeks (the main group) who received non-drug and drug treatment according to clinical recommendations and 32 patients with a physiological course of pregnancy that ended in emergency delivery (the comparison group). The patients of both groups underwent analysis of clinical and anamnestic data, complete laboratory, ultrasound examination and determination of the concentration of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in blood serum and cervical mucus by enzyme immunoassay at gestational age of 10.0—21.6 weeks.

RESULTS

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, iron deficiency anemia, repeated pregnancy, premature birth and spontaneous abortion are risk factors for the development of late spontaneous abortion, according to anamnestic data. Cytokine status analysis showed an increase in IL-8 content and a decrease in IL-10 concentration in blood serum. When analyzing the ratio of cytokines in cervical mucus and blood serum, it was found that a decrease in the ratios of IL-6 mucus/IL-6 serum and IL-8 mucus/IL-8 serum increases the risk of miscarriage, while a decrease in the ratio of IL-10 mucus/IL-10 serum reduces the risk of pregnancy losses.

CONCLUSION

As a result of the research, it was found that the following factors have the greatest prognostic significance in relation to the risk of developing late spontaneous abortion and an unfavorable pregnancy outcome: a decrease in serum concentrations of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 to 2.6 pg/ml or less, an increase in serum concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 to 24.3 pg/mlml or more. It seems promising to determine the cytokine status in pregnant women with a threatening late spontaneous abortion, especially the levels of IL-10 and IL-8 in the blood serum to predict the outcome of pregnancy.

Keywords:

threatened spontaneous abortion

late spontaneous abortion

cytokine status

predictive factors of late spontaneous abortion

Authors:

Rachenkova T.V.

Altai State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0003-0513-502X

Dudareva Yu.A.

Altai State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-9233-7545

Elchaninova S.A.

Altai State Medical University

SPIN RSCI: 9015-4554
Scopus AuthorID: 6506172875
ORCID: 0000-0003-2730-615X

Zamyatina S.V.

Altai State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-3234-8015

Dronov S.V.

Altai State University

ORCID: 0000-0002-3286-2639

Received:

21.03.2024

Accepted:

25.04.2024

Close metadata

References:

Quenby S, Gallos ID, Dhillon-Smith RK, Podesek M, Stephenson MD, Fisher J, Brosens JJ, Brewin J, Ramhorst R, Lucas ES, McCoy RC, Anderson R, Daher S, Regan L, Al-Memar M, Bourne T, MacIntyre DA, Rai R, Christiansen OB, Sugiura-Ogasawara M, Odendaal J, Devall AJ, Bennett PR, Petrou S, Coomarasamy A. Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss. Lancet. 2021;397:10285:1658-1667. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00682-6
Kolesnikova AM, Malyshkina AI, Sotnikova NYu, Talanova IE. Risk factors for the threat of termination of pregnancy in the second trimester and gestation outcomes in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Zhenskoe zdorov’e i reproduktsiya. 2023;4:59. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31550/2712-8598-ZhZiR-2023-4-2
Russia in figures. Brief statistical digest. Moscow: Rosstat. 2023. (In Russ.).
Remneva OV, Chernova AE, Kolyado OV, Fadeeva NI. Medical and social risk factors for late miscarriage. Voprosy ginekologii, akusherstva i perinatologii. 2022;6:21:73-78. (In Russ.).
Thaker R, Oza H, Verma V, Gor M, Kumar S. The Association of circulatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) level with spontaneous abortion-a preliminary observation. Reprod Scie. 2021;28:3:857-864. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00292-6
Wei Y, Ding J, Li J, Cai S, Liu S, Hong L, Yin T, Zhang Y, Diao L. Metabolic reprogramming of immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface and the development of techniques for immunometabolism. Front Immunol. 2021;12:717014. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.717014
Zamyatina SV, El’chaninova SA, Raevskikh VM, Dudareva YuA, Rachenkova TV. Cytokines in normal pregnancy and miscarriage. Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2024;1:30:72-81. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/repro20243001172
Yang X, Tian Y, Zheng L, Luu T, Kwak-Kim J. The Update immune-regulatory role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in recurrent pregnancy Losses. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;24:1:132. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010132
Yang F, Zheng Q, Jin L. Dynamic function and composition changes of immune cells during normal and pathological pregnancy at the maternal-fetal interface. Frontiers in Immunology. 2019;10:2317. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02317
Vilotić A, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Dekanski D, Jovanović Krivokuća M. IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of their roles in healthy and pathological pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:23:14574. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314574
Tyagi P, Alharthi NS. Evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokine level in cases of idiopathic recurrent spontaneous miscarriage in Saudi Arabia. Biomed Biotech R J (BBRJ). 2020;4:3:225-231. https://doi.org/10.4103/bbrj.bbrj_71_20
Ashford K, Chavan NR, Wiggins AT, Sayre MM, McCubbin A, Critchfield AS, O’Brien J. Comparison of serum and cervical cytokine levels throughout pregnancy between preterm and term births. AJP Reports. 2018;8:2:113-120. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656534
Kwiatek M, Gęca T, Kwaśniewska A. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the first trimester-comparison of missed miscarriage and normal pregnancy. Int J Environment Res Public Health. 2021;18:16:8538. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168538
Szlarb N, Kurzawski M. Interleukin-6 level and gene polymorphism in spontaneous miscarriage. Tissue Antigens. 2013;82:3:171-176. https://doi.org/10.1111/tan.12179
Zhao L, Han L, Hei G, Wei R, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Guo Q, Chu C, Fu X, Xu K, Li X. Diminished miR-374c-5p negatively regulates IL (interleukin)-6 in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. J Mol Med. 2022;100:7:1043-1056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-022-02178-3
Krukier II, Levkovich MA, Mihel’son AF, Lebedenko EYu, Erdzhanyan LL, Mihel’son AA, Smolyaninov GV, Popova NN. The Impact of impaired serum and amniotic fluid cytokine profiles on the risk of preterm delivery. Doctor.Ru. 2019;4:159:19-22. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2019-159-4-19-22
Clinical guidelines “Miscarriage (spontaneous abortion)”, 2024, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. (In Russ.).
Tesakova ML, Mel’nik EV, Maloletkina OL, Ivanchik GI. Ratio of cytokines levels in slime to their level in blood as prognostic criterion of labor induction outcome. Okhrana materinstva i detstva. 2014;1:23:41-45. (In Russ.).
Timokhina EV, Strizhakov AN, Pesegova SV. The role of immunological markers in predicting the course and outcome of pregnancy in patients with isthmic cervical insufficiency. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2022;10:50-57. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18565/aig.2022.10.50-57
Gazieva IA, Chistyakova GN, Remizova II. Role of cytokine production disorders in genesis of placental insufficiency and early reproductive losses. Meditsinskaya immunologiya. 2014;16:6:539-550. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2014-6-539-550
Mikhailov AV, Dyatlova LI, Chesnokova NP, Ponukalina EV, Glukhova TN. Changes in the cytokine profile of patients blood with premature rupture of amniotic membranes and their pathogenic significance. Saratovskii nauchno-meditsinskii zhurnal. 2013; 2:9:225-229. (In Russ.).
Nefedova DD, Linde VA, Levkovich MA. Immunological aspects of pregnancy (review). Meditsinskii vestnik Yuga Rossii. 2013;4:16-21. (In Russ.).
Kuznetsova NB, Bushtyreva IO, Dmitrieva MP, Barinova VV, Dybova VS. Local cytokine profile in women with preterm birthdue to premature rupture of membranes. Vestnik Natsional’nogo mediko-khirurgicheskogo Tsentra im. N.I. Pirogova. 2020;1:15:43-47. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.25881/BPNMSC.2020.13.91.008