Over the last decades there has been a gradual but steady increase in the incidence of hyperplastic processes, as well as endometrial cancer, which has become the leading oncogynecologic pathology in many countries of the world. At the same time, the search for informative indicators of proliferative activity of the forming endometrial pathology and the risk of malignization, determined by non-invasive and minimally invasive methods, which would allow to detect the disease at the preclinical stage, remains relevant. Traditional approaches to diagnosis often do not allow determination in-time of the transition of the hyperplastic process in the endometrium to neoplastic. Moreover, according to most experts, there are currently no prognostically significant tumor markers for screening of precancer and endometrial cancer, which would have high specificity and sensitivity. In this regard, a number of international experts believe that in the absence of manifest symptoms of the disease, general population screening using traditional invasive and non-invasive methods are ineffective and even inappropriate. Thus, there is a need for critical comprehension and assessment of the possibility of innovative approaches to the problem of screening — active detection of early forms of endometrial pathology, which is the subject of this review.