Ptosis and prolapse of internal genital organs is among the most widespread diseases of female genital organs. Despite sufficient efforts of specialists, the main method of treatment of ptosis and prolapse of internal genital organs is surgical. The search for reasons of this pathology development that leads to malpositions of the uterus and/or vaginal walls, displacement of genital organs towards the vaginal orifice or external prolapse, has been unsuccessful for the time being. One of the early manifestations of the ptosis and prolapse of internal genital organs is uterine neck elongation that is characterized by ptosis and prolapse of the uterine neck outside the vulvar ring. For the time being, the issues of etiology, pathogenesis, classification, and diagnostics of uterine neck elongation and treatment of patients with this pathology are insufficiently studied according to Russian and foreign literature, and should be investigated further. The article presents a review of literature devoted to aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, assessment of the modified and non-modified risk factors of this pathology development that could impact negatively the pelvic floor, cause the development of dysfunction of pelvic organs, sexual dysfunction, and declining of quality of life. The abolition, reduction of negative effects of the risk factors on the organism could make it possible to improve the quality of life, cut down expenses associated with temporary disability, avoid surgical treatment, and possible complications that could appear as a treatment result.