The currently published advances in evidence-based medicine necessitate the use of the continuous quality improvement concept to monitor a process for rendering obstetric and perinatal care while analyzing maternal death cases and to detect abnormalities in this process, without concentrating all efforts to reveal errors made by physicians and to punish them. It becomes urgent to identify the factors and causes that result in each individual maternal death case, the basis of which may be the approaches developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). A common model (a checklist of questions that help to reveal possible shortcomings) for systematically analyzing each individual maternal death case has been determined, which must be based on the standards for evaluating the quality of obstetric care and must include a confidential investigation of maternal death cases. Implementation of target programs for reproductive health care, introduction of perinatal technologies, improvement of the material-and-technical base of obstetric facilities, increase of the qualification of specialists have shown a 3.5-fold reduction in maternal mortality rates in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the past 20 years.