The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Persiyanova-Dubrova A.L.

National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Matveeva I.F.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine

Bubnova M.G.

National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Borg scale in cardiac rehabilitation: methodology and prospects for use

Authors:

Persiyanova-Dubrova A.L., Matveeva I.F., Bubnova M.G.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2022;25(9): 90‑96

Read: 8702 times


To cite this article:

Persiyanova-Dubrova AL, Matveeva IF, Bubnova MG. Borg scale in cardiac rehabilitation: methodology and prospects for use. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2022;25(9):90‑96. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20222509190

Recommended articles:

References:

  1. Noble BJ, Robertson RJ. Perceived Exertion. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1996.
  2. Borg G. Borg’s Perceived exertion and pain scales. Champaign: Human Kinetics; 1998.
  3. Haile L, Gallagher M, Robertson RJ. Perceived Exertion Laboratory Manual: From Standard Practice to Contemporary Application. New York: Springer; 2016.
  4. Hareendran A, Leidy NK, Monz BU, Winnette R, Becker K, Mahler DA. Proposing a standardized method for evaluating patient report of the intensity of dyspnea during exercise testing in COPD. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2012;7:345-355.  https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S29571
  5. Arney BE, Glover R, Fusco A, Cortis C, de Koning JJ, van Erp T, Jaime S, Mikat RP, Porcari JP, Foster C. Comparison of RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) Scales for Session RPE. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2019;14(7):994-996.  https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0637
  6. Faulkner J, Eston RG. Perceived exertion research in the 21st century: developments, reflections and questions for the future. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness. 2008;6(1):1-14. 
  7. Haddad M, Stylianides G, Djaoui L, Dellal A, Chamari K. Session-RPE method for training load monitoring: validity, ecological usefulness, and influencing factors. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2017;11:612.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00612
  8. Pescatello LS, Arena R, Riebe D, Thompson PD. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 9th Ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
  9. Lea JWD, O’Driscoll JM, Hulbert S, Scales J, Wiles JD. Convergent Validity of Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Resistance Exercise in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine — Open. 2022;8(1):2.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00386-8
  10. Tucker R. The anticipatory regulation of performance: the physiological basis for pacing strategies and the development of a perception-based model for exercise performance. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009;43(6):392-400.  https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.050799
  11. Gibson CA, Lambert EV, Rauch LHG, Tucker R, Baden DA, Foster C, Noakes TD. The role of information processing between the brain and peripheral physiological systems in pacing and perception of effort. Sports Medicine. 2006;36(8):705-722.  https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636080-00006
  12. Borg G. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 1982;14(5):377-381. 
  13. Pfeiffer KA, Pivarnik JM, Womack CJ, Reeves MJ, Malina RM. Reliability and validity of the Borg and OMNI rating of perceived exertion scales in adolescent girls. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2002;34(12): 2057-2061. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200212000-00029
  14. Wenos DL, Wallace JP, Surburg PR, Morris HH. Reliability and comparison of RPE during variable and constant exercise protocols performed by older women. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1996;17(3):193-198.  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-972831
  15. Eston RG, Davies BL, Williams JG. Use of perceived effort ratings to control exercise intensity in young healthy adults. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 1987;56(2):222-224.  https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00640648
  16. Leung ML, Chung PK, Leung RW. An assessment of the validity and reliability of two perceived exertion rating scales among Hong Kong children. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2002;95(3 Pt 2):1047-1062. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3f.1047
  17. Ueda T, Kurokawa T. Relationships between perceived exertion and physiological variables during swimming. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1995;16(6):385-389.  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-973025
  18. Garcin M, Wolff M, Bejma T. Reliability of rating scales of perceived exertion and heart rate during progressive and maximal constant load exercises till exhaustion in physical education students. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003;24(4):285-290.  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39502
  19. Cleland BT, Ingraham BA, Pitluck MC, Woo D, Ng AV. Reliability and validity of ratings of perceived exertion in persons with multiple sclerosis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2016;97(6):974-982.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.01.013
  20. Coquart JB, Garcin M. Validity and reliability of perceptually-based scales during exhausting runs in trained male runners. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2007;104(1):254-266.  https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.104.1.254-266
  21. Chung PK, Zhao Y, Liu JD, Quach B. A brief note on the validity and reliability of the rating of perceived exertion scale in monitoring exercise intensity among chinese older adults in hong kong. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2015;121(3):805-809.  https://doi.org/10.2466/29.PMS.121c24x8
  22. Balasekaran G, Thor D, Ng YC, Boey P. A normalized rate of perceived exertion at ventilatory breakpoint for different exercise modalities and production of exercise intensity with self-regulation for Singapore children. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 2022;10.23736/S0022-4707.22.13411-0. Epub ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.22.13411-0
  23. Yu H, Sun C, Sun B, Chen X, Tan Z. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Actual Exercise Intensity and Rating of Perceived Exertion in the Overweight and Obese Population. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(24):12912. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412912
  24. Martins de Souza D, Born Lopes P, Maria Marcora S, Robertson RJ, Luiz Felix Rodacki A, Nakamura FY, Pereira G. Validity, Reliability, and Diagnostic Accuracy of Ratings of Perceived Exertion to Identify Dependence in Performing Self-care Activities in Older Women. Experimental Aging Research. 2018;44(5):397-410.  https://doi.org/10.1080/0361073X.2018.1521492
  25. Dawes HN, Barker KL, Cockburn J, Roach N, Scott O, Wade D. Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion Scales: Do the Verbal Anchors Mean the Same for Different Clinical Groups? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2005;86(5):912-916.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.10.043
  26. Penko AL, Barkley JE, Koop MM, Alberts JL. Borg scale is valid for ratings of perceived exertion for individuals with Parkinson’s disease. International Journal of Exercise Science. 2017;10(1):76-86. 
  27. Chen MJ, Fan X, Moe ST. Criterion-related validity of the Borg ratings of perceived exertion scale in healthy individuals: a metaanalysis. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2002;20(11):873-899.  https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320761787
  28. Scherr J, Wolfarth B, Christle JW, Pressler A, Wagenpfeil S, Halle M. Associations between Borg’s rating of perceived exertion and physiological measures of exercise intensity. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2013;113(1): 147-155.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2421-x
  29. Mezzani A, Hamm LF, Jones AM, McBride PE, Moholdt T, Stone JA, Urhausen A, Williams MA; European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation; American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiac rehabilitation: a joint position statement of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2013;20(3): 442-467.  https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487312460484
  30. Parfitt G, Evans H, Eston R. Perceptually regulated training at RPE 13 is pleasant and improves physical health. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2012;44(8):1613-1618. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31824d266e
  31. Shim YJ, Kim HJ, Oh SC, Lee SI, Choi SW. Exercise during adjuvant treatment for colorectal cancer: treatment completion, treatment-related toxicities, body composition, and serum level of adipokines. Cancer Management and Research. 2019;11:5403-5412. https://doi.org/10.2147/CMAR.S208754
  32. Orlandi G, Sofi F, Moscarelli L, Cirami L, Mancini S, Stefani L. Exercise Prescription in Renal Transplant Recipients: From Sports Medicine Toward Multidisciplinary Aspects: A Pilot Study. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 2020;5(1):10.  https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5010010
  33. Redlicka J, Zielińska-Nowak E, Lipert A, Miller E. Impact of Moderate Individually Tailored Physical Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Fatigue on Functional, Cognitive, Emotional State, and Postural Stability. Brain Sciences. 2021;11(9):1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091214
  34. Coquart JB, Tourny-Chollet C, Lemaître F, Lemaire C, Grosbois JM, Garcin M. Relevance of the measure of perceived exertion for the rehabilitation of obese patients. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 2012;55(9-10):623-640.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2012.07.003
  35. Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee IM, Nieman DC, Swain DP; American College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2011;43(7):1334-1359. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
  36. O’Neil S, Thomas A, Pettitt-Mee R, Pelletier K. Pettit-Mee, Moore M, Thompson J, Barton C, Nelson R, Zuhl M. Exercise Prescription Techniques in Cardiac Rehabilitation Centers in Midwest States. Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology. 2018;7:8-14.  https://doi.org/10.31189/2165-6193-7.1.8
  37. Ambrosetti M, Abreu A, Corrà U, Davos CH, Hansen D, Frederix I, Iliou MC, Pedretti RF, Schmid JP, Vigorito C, Voller H, Wilhelm M, Piepoli MF, Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Berger T, Cohen-Solal A, Cornelissen V, Dendale P, Doehner W, Gaita D, Gevaert AB, Kemps H, Kraenkel N, Laukkanen J, Mendes M, Niebauer J, Simonenko M, Zwisler AO. Secondary prevention through comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation: From knowledge to implementation. 2020 update. A position paper from the Secondary Prevention and Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2020;2047487320913379. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487320913379
  38. Ilarraza H, Myers J, Kottman W, Rickli H, Dubach P. An evaluation of training responses using self-regulation in a residential rehabilitation program. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation. 2004;24(1):27-33.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00008483-200401000-00006
  39. Tabet JY, Meurin P, Teboul F, Tartiere JM, Weber H, Renaud N, Massabie R, Driss AB. Determination of exercise training level in coronary artery disease patients on beta blockers. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. 2008;15(1):67-72.  https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282eff61
  40. Zanettini R, Centeleghe P, Ratti F, Benna S, Di Tullio L, Sorlini N. Training prescription in patients on beta-blockers: percentage peak exercise methods or self-regulation? European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2012;19(2): 205-212.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1741826711398823
  41. Tang LH, Zwisler AD, Berg SK, Doherty P, Taylor RS, Langberg H. Is the cardiovascular response equivalent between a supervised center-based setting and a self-care home-based setting when rating of perceived exertion is used to guide aerobic exercise intensity during a cardiac rehabilitation program? American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. 2017;96(6): 381-387.  https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000000628
  42. Aronov DM. Kardioreabilitaciya i vtorichnaya profilaktika. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2021. (In Russ.).
  43. Joo KC, Brubaker PH, MacDougall A, Saikin AM, Ross JH, Whaley MH. Exercise prescription using resting heart rate plus 20 or perceived exertion in cardiac rehabilitation. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation. 2004; 24(3):178-184.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00008483-200405000-00008
  44. Reed JL, Blais AZ, Keast ML, Pipe AL, Reid RD. Performance of Fixed Heart Rate Increment Targets of 20 vs. 30 Beats per Minute for Exercise Rehabilitation Prescription in Outpatients with Heart Failure. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2017;33(6):777-784.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2017.01.022
  45. Malmo V, Nes BM, Amundsen BH, Tjonna AE, Stoylen A, Rossvoll O, Wisloff U, Loennechen JP. Aerobic interval training reduces the burden of atrial fibrillation in the short term: a randomized trial. Circulation. 2016;133(5): 466-473.  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018220
  46. Myers J, Arena R, Franklin B, Pina I, Kraus WE, McInnis K, Balady GJ; American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism, and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Recommendations for clinical exercise laboratories: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2009; 119(24):3144-3161. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192520
  47. Fletcher GF, Balady GJ, Amsterdam EA, Chaitman B, Eckel R, Fleg J, Froelicher VF, Leon AS, Piña IL, Rodney R, Simons-Morton DA, Williams MA, Bazzarre T. Exercise standards for testing and training: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2001;104(14):1694-1740. https://doi.org/10.1161/hc3901.095960
  48. Goss FL, Robertson RJ, Haile L, Nagle EF, Metz KF, Kim K. Use of ratings of perceived exertion to anticipate treadmill test termination in patients taking beta-blockers. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 2011;112(1):310-318.  https://doi.org/10.2466/06.10.15.PMS.112.1.310-318
  49. Midgley AW, McNaughton LR, Polman R, Marchant D. Criteria for determination of maximal oxygen uptake: a brief critique and recommendations for future research. Sports Medicine. 2007;37(12):1019-1028. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737120-00002
  50. Faulkner J, Parfitt G, Eston R. Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake from the ratings of perceived exertion and heart rate during a perceptually-regulated sub-maximal exercise test in active and sedentary participants. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2007;101(3):397-407.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0508-6
  51. Coquart JB, Eston RG, Grosbois JM, Lemaire C, Dubart AE, Luttenbacher DP, Garcin M. Prediction of peak oxygen uptake from age and power output at RPE 15 in obese women. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2007;101(3):397-407.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1524-5
  52. Thomas RJ, Beatty AL, Beckie TM, Brewer LC, Brown TM, Forman DE, Franklin BA, Keteyian SJ, Kitzman DW, Regensteiner JG, Sanderson BK, Whooley MA. Home-based cardiac rehabilitation: a scientific statement from the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2019;74(1):133-153.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.008

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.