Background. Among the wide variety of maxillofacial pathology, one of the special places is occupied by diseases of the parotid salivary glands (PSG). In clinical practice, complications are often found in patients who have undergone surgical interventions for PSG. The key to successful surgical treatment of such patients is not only knowledge of the anatomical structure of the parotid-masticatory region, but also the ability to navigate the dissection zone, as well as the art of mastering surgical skills.
OBJECTIVE
To study the structural options of the main clinically significant structures when performing surgical interventions on the PSG.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
As part of the study, 30 frozen unfixed head and neck complexes were selected; the estimated age of the anatomical preparations was from 50 to 84 years, the average age was 68.43 ± 9.32 years. The total number of observations is 42, taking into account the study of the right and left sides of each head. Topographic-anatomical study was carried out by methodical layer-by-layer preparation of tissues. In addition, measurements were taken of the anatomical structures of the parotid-masticatory region on each side of the organ complexes for the purpose of subsequent analysis and comparison of the data obtained. The following indicators were assessed: 1. the distance from the place of exit from the stylomastoid foramen of the main trunk of the FN to its bifurcation; 2. the variant of branching of the FN according to the classification of R.A. Davis, 1956; 3. the angle between the temporo-facial and cervical-facial divisions of the FN; 4. the distance from the exit point FN from the stylomastoid foramen to its intersection with the retromandibular vein, as well as 5. the level of intersection of FN and retromandibular vein; 6. the distance between the marginal mandibular branch of FN and the lower edge of the mandible, and 7. a variant of the structure of the marginal mandibular branch of FN. In addition, we studied: 8. variants of the mutual location of the auriculotemporal nerve, the superficial temporal artery and the superficial temporal vein.
RESULTS
As part of this study, we have presented an accounting and measurement form that includes the above indicators. During the dissection, the studied structures of the parotid-masticatory region were identified on all anatomical specimens, their measurements were taken, which were entered into a recording and measuring form for subsequent processing and systematization of the data.
CONCLUSION
The data we obtained during the dissection study are of an important scientific and practical nature and can be taken as a basis by resident doctors, young specialists and surgeons who do not have the necessary clinical experience as a guideline for performing surgical interventions on the PSG, as well as during subsequent topographic-anatomical examinations research. Studying the main anatomically important structures will improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with pathology of the PSG and minimize the number of mistakes and complications.
