Objective — to analyze the impact of surgical treatment on overall survival (OS) during multi-component treatment in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Subject and methods. The investigation enrolled 124 patients with recurrent malignant gliomas, who underwent combination treatment at the Chelyabinsk Regional Clinical Center of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine in 2000 to 2018. Of these, 67 and 57 patients had glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas, respectively. The ratio of men to women was 1:1. The patients’ mean age was 45.5 years. According to a retrospective analysis, all patients were divided into 2 study groups: 1) 36 reoperated patients; 2) 88 non-operated patients. Within these groups, 2 (multi-component treatment and monotherapy) subgroups were additionally identified. Results. The median OS was 47 months; the median relapse-free survival was 22 months. The rates of one-year OS were 91.1%, 2-year OS, 68.2%, 3-year OS, 57.9%, and 5-year OS, 43.1%. The median OS was higher in the reoperated patients — 60 months versus 46 months in the non-operated ones (p>0.5). The one-year survival rates were almost identical and amounted to 91.7 and 90.9%, while the 3- and 5-year survival rates were slightly better in Group 1 patients and were 66 and 54.7, 46.8 and 41.7%, respectively (p>0.5). The analysis showed that there were no significant increases in 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year OS rates after multicomponent treatment or monotherapy. Conclusion. Surgical treatment for recurrent malignant gliomas can improve overall survival results.