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Buday G.I.
Chukotka Regional Hospital
Tischenko T.N.
Chukotka Regional Hospital
Morozova S.A.
Vector-Best-Amur JSC
Kyuregyan K.K.
Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera;
Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of the Rospotrebnadzor
Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus in five Russian regions during the universal vaccination era: assessing the impact of new selective pressures on the spectrum of genetic and serological variants
Journal: Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology. 2025;43(1): 38‑48
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To cite this article:
Manuylov VA, Sergeeva EI, Buday GI, et al. . Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus in five Russian regions during the universal vaccination era: assessing the impact of new selective pressures on the spectrum of genetic and serological variants. Molecular Genetics, Microbiology and Virology.
2025;43(1):38‑48. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/molgen20254301138
Since the introduction of the universal hepatitis B vaccination program in Russia in 2001, the incidence of acute hepatitis B has dropped from 35.3 to 0.3 cases per 100.000 people annually, and chronic hepatitis B (including HBV carriers) has declined from 105.6 to 16.8 cases per 100.000. The proportion of HBsAg-positive carriers in the general population has decreased from 1.8—4.6% in the 1990s to 0.8±0.1% by 2020. An important question remains whether any HBV genetic variants have gained a selective advantage under this evolutionary pressure.
To evaluate changes in the spectrum of genetic and serological variants of HBV circulating in five regions of Russia — Chukotka, Tuva, Yakutia, Moscow and Khabarovsk — over 10 to 20 years of observation.
RESULTS and DISCUSSION. In Chukotka, the proportion of the dominant subgenotype D3 (mainly the HBsAg subtype ayw2) fluctuated from 44.3% (in 1997) to 58.1% (2008), C2 (adrq+) — from 16.4 (1997) to 37.1% (2008), D2 (ayw3) — from 3.2 (2008) to 23% (1997), D1 (ayw2) — from 1.6 (2008) to 11.5% (1997) and A2 (adw2) — from 0 (2008) to 4.9% (1997). In Tuva, the prevalence of D1 ranged from 57.4 (2021) to 67.6% (2008—09), D2 — from 13.2 (2008—09) to 38.3% (2021), D3 — from 0 (2021) to 16.2% (2008—09) and A2 — from 2.9 (2008-09) to 4.3% (2021). In Yakutia: D3 — from 24.1 (2022) to 45.5% (2004—08), A2 — from 36.8 (2018) to 43.1% (2022), D2 — from 4.5 (2004-08) to 13.1% (2022), C2 — from 5.3 (2018) to 11.7% (2022) and D1 — from 4.5 (2004—08) to 6.6% (2022). In Moscow: D3 — from 25 (2020) to 49.1 (2008—09), D1 — from 16.4 (2008—09) to 41.2% (2020), D2 — from 24.3 (2020) to 25.5% (2008—09), A2 — from 5.3 (2008—09) to 8.1% (20 20). Finally, in Khabarovsk, the proportion of D2 ranged from 23.1 (2021) to 46.9% (2003—08), D3 — from 27.8 (2015) to 40.6% (2003—08), D1 — from 3.1 (2003—08) to 24.6% (2021), A2 — from 5.6 (2015) to 10.8% (2021), and C2 — 3.1 (2003—08, 2021) to 5.6% (2015).
Despite shifts in the proportions of distinct variants, the overall spectrum of HBV types circulating within each region has remained largely unchanged over the 10- to 20-year observation period.
None of the HBV variants have shown any clear evolutionary advantage against the backdrop of the viral population’s decline over the past decades. This may suggest that HBV is genetically conservative and lack the capacity for rapid evolutionary change, increasing the chances of future eradication through continued vaccination efforts.
Authors:
Buday G.I.
Chukotka Regional Hospital
Tischenko T.N.
Chukotka Regional Hospital
Morozova S.A.
Vector-Best-Amur JSC
Kyuregyan K.K.
Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera;
Central Research Institute for Epidemiology of the Rospotrebnadzor
Received:
23.08.2024
Accepted:
17.09.2024
List of references:
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