Orofacial pain is often the reason for patients seeking medical attention from various specialties. In most cases, the examination reveals such dental diseases as a carious tooth, a dentoalveolar abscess, etc. However, patients are observed with painful sensations in the oral cavity, in which there are no objective dental reasons. In a significant part of such cases, doctors are faced with the problem of glossodynia, stomatodynia. Due to the burning sensation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, tongue, lips, it is called «burning mouth syndrome». The number of patients with glossodynia is growing every year. Based on the variety of symptoms and the absence of clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis of glossalgia seems to be a certain difficulty. The severe course and chronic recurrent nature of the disease reduce the level and quality of life of patients and require special approaches in diagnosis, and most importantly, in treatment methods. The main sections — etiology, pathogenesis and therapy of glossodynia remain controversial and have not yet been resolved. The review details the main issues of terminology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and treatment of glossalgia/glossodynia. Particular attention is paid to the difficulties arising in the diagnosis of glossalgia. The general principles of treatment are presented, taking into account the psychoemotional disorganization of patients, which creates favorable prognosis for treatment. There is also a list of specialists whose consultations are necessary for patients with this pathology