The issues related to clinical and serological surveillance of patients who received specific therapy for early syphilis are discussed. The reported data indicate that most countries in the world use substantially different methodological approaches to assess the dynamics of results of immunoserological tests in clinical and serological surveillance and evaluation of the treatment efficacy, total term of subsequent surveillance, frequency and applied examination methods, indications, amount and timing of adjunctive specific treatment, criteria for termination of the surveillance and removal of patients from the register. In the Russian Federation, medical care to patients with syphilis is provided based of a number of normative documents, which include hardly the complete list of necessary criteria for assessing the health indicators and do not contain detailed algorithms for the management of patients with various clinical forms of the disease.