Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is one of the newest methods used in the treatment of wounds. It allows speeding up and optimizing the healing process and reducing the cost of treatment. Negative pressure stimulates proliferation of granulation tissue, provides a continuous evacuation of fluid and effectively cleans wound surface. The authors introduce the reader to the results of treatment of patient with peritonitis and internal duodenal fistula using a vacuum-assisted laparostomy.