Aim — to define the selection criteria of patients with in atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis for renal revascularization. Material and methods. Examination and treatment of 282 patients with renal artery stenosis are presented. Renal artery stenting was made in 216 out of 282 patients. In other 76 patients renal revascularization was not performed because they had another pathological processes causing clinical manifestations (adrenal gland pathology, bilateral pyelonephritis, obstructive uropathy). Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on indications for renal revascularization: group 1 (66 patients) with renovascular hypertension, group 2 (108 patients) with confirmed ischemic nephropathy, group 3 (42 patients) as a preparatory stage for high risk surgery (EUROSCORE >5). Early and long-term results were analyzed. Results. Positive results (target BP level) were achieved in 88% of the first group and in 92% of the second group (renal function recovery). In the third group all patients had not renal dysfunction progression and «critical azotemia» in postoperative period. Conclusion. Indications and prediction of renal revascularization effectiveness depend on proper selection of patients for surgery. Thus, any processes which can result clinical manifestations of hypertension or renal failure should be excluded in patients with renal artery stenosis.