Background. Bleeding from varices of the esophagus — severe complication of portal hypertension. Endoscopic ligation is the «gold standard» for acute bleeding, as well as effective solution of primary and secondary prevention of variceal bleeding. As a result, preterm ligatures slipping-off from varices may develop the postligature bleeding, which represents a real danger to the patient's life. Materials and methods. 193 ligation sessions carried out to 103 patients. The possible factors that there are predictors of this complication analyzed: endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic data. Results. Five patients with developed postligature bleeding confirmed on esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the period from 1 to 8 days after the procedure. Two patients died. As an independent risk factor of bleeding as a result of preterm slipping-off ligatures found increasing level of pressure in the esophageal veins more than 700 mm of water column. Conclusion. Bleeding from postligature ulcers are rare but dangerous complication for the patient’s life. Supposed risk factors postligature bleeding can be identified before of the carrying out ligation.