Glymphatic system of the brain: structure and practical significance

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Glymphatic system (GS) is an extremely important aspect to understand conjugate function of all components of the central nervous system (CNS) including cerebral blood flow, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cellular mass and interstitial space under normal and pathological conditions. Morphofunctional components of the GS are Virchow-Robin spaces, perivascular spaces between the basement membrane, pericytes, astrocyte legs; astrocytes’ aquaporin receptor system, structures producing and resorbing CSF, interstitial space of the brain, CSF circulation spaces. GS performs various functions. The most important one is elimination of metabolic products and toxic substances outside the central nervous system. There are reliable data on the role of GS in the development of various diseases including accumulation diseases (Alzheimer’s disease) and effect of various drugs and anesthetics on the function of GS. Further goal of research will be analysis of certain methods to influence function of GS. Assessment of GS activity after stroke or traumatic brain injury can determine whether its function correlates with neurological recovery. A new understanding of the role of behavior, genetics and drugs in the function of GS and features of its decompensation in patients with various diseases may be useful to develop new preventive and diagnostic tools and new therapeutic goals.

Keywords:

glymphatic system

brain

central nervous system pathology

anesthetics

Authors:

Kondratiev A.N.

Polenov Neurosurgical Institute of thr Ministry of Health of the Russia, 197341, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Tsentsiper L.M.

RNSI n.a. A.L. Polenov at V.A. Almazov North-Western Medical Research Center,

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