Nowadays artificial non-invasive ventilation (NIV) - respiratory support without intubation, tracheal catheterization or tracheostomy, carried out through nasal and face masks, is gaining more and more practical importance. Almost all modes of existing respiratory support can be realized with NVL. Taking into account the growing demand for non-invasive ventilation (NIV), we realized the need to create Russian practical recommendations. There are several prerequisites for this. Firstly, it is not difficult to find information about NVC algorithms due to a variety of available resources. However, this diversity leads to discrepancies and differences in their application in real clinical practice, creating serious difficulties for the practicing physician. We have tried to systematize information on patient selection for NVL and on justified algorithms for correction of respiratory failure from the position of “evidence-based medicine”. Second, NVL is a rapidly changing (adaptable) technology. In recent years, large-scale RCTs have provided convincing results of the positive use of home NVL in COPD patients and negative results of adaptive servo-ventilation in patients with heart failure and central sleep apnea. This fundamentally changes the approaches and algorithms of therapeutic correction in such patients. Thirdly, the most important goal of modern medicine is algorithms for long-term follow-up of NVL patients. On the way to such a goal, a number of problems inevitably arise: convincing an agitated patient with hypercapnia or a small child to put on a mask, avoiding interface defects, matching the patient's ventilatory needs with his or her ability to tolerate the procedure. We have tried to share our own positive opinions and experiences. In essence, we have presented “rules of thumb” extracted from many years of experience, which have a high level of agreement for their application among practitioners of IUI. The authors of the NVL practice guide expect that the systematized information presented will help the reader not only to make the the right decision in each specific case, but also form a stable practical skill (confidence) of using this medical technology in their patients. Media Sphere Publishing House, 2022 -360 p.:ill.