Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare inherited disorder in which thickening of the walls of small and medium-sized blood vessels blocks blood flow to the brain. Diagnosis of CADASIL is based on clinical presentation, neuroimaging findings, and genetic predisposition. This disease is uncommon in children; typically, symptoms manifest in individuals between the ages of 20 and 40, though some may exhibit symptoms later in life. Currently, the diagnosis of CADASIL is of significant interest as there is no specific treatment targeting its etiopathogenesis. This article describes the case of a 51-year-old patient with CADASIL who was diagnosed with recurrent ischemic stroke. The patient has a history of multiple strokes: in 2019 (at age 47), 2020 (at age 48), and 2021 (at age 49). The consequences of these strokes include mild spastic right-sided hemiparesis, moderate complex motor aphasia, mild sensory aphasia, and progressive cognitive impairment. Suspicion of CADASIL was based on the patient’s medical history, clinical presentation, and typical neuroimaging findings.