Worldwide, there is a constant increase in mortality from malignant neoplasms, which is largely due to late diagnosis. One of the reasons for late detection is the lack of conditions for conducting a detailed examination at the outpatient level, since the routine method of examining ENT organs today remains examination using mirrors, but in recent decades, endoscopic methods of examination have become widespread — indirect endoscopy, fibrolaryngoscopy, contact endoscopy, NBI-endoscopy, endoscopy using light filters of the SPIES system, as well as diagnostics using fluorescent technologies. Also, a promising and new direction is the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms at the preclinical stage and precancerous conditions, for which molecular diagnostic methods are used — SCCA and microRNA.

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the effectiveness of various methods of endoscopic and molecular diagnostics of malignant neoplasms of the larynx and pharynx.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

A study was conducted In the Department of ENT Oncology of the National State Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, which involved 46 patients with suspected malignant neoplasms of the larynx and pharynx. All patients underwent direct laryngoscopy under endotracheal anesthesia with simultaneous NBI-endoscopy, spies examination, contact endoscopy, and fluorescence testing, followed by biopsy and tissue sampling for microRNA concentration analysis, as well as blood sampling for SCCA concentration.