Atropine use for the prevention of myopia progression

Close metadata

Given the prevalence of myopic refraction (from 50 to 84% in Asian countries and 35 to 49% in European countries and the United States in young people), the development of methods for monitoring and preventing myopia continues to be an urgent task. One of the directions of pharmacological intervention on the progression of myopia is associated with the use of a non-selective M-cholinoreceptors antagonist — atropine. The review presents the results of studies on various aspects of the potential for topical application of atropine to control the progression of myopia (experimental and clinical data on the mechanism of action, the effectiveness of clinical use, the possible side effects of various concentrations of the drug).The heterogeneity of the data presented does not yet lead to the conclusion that the long-term instillations of atropine are effective in prevention of progressive myopia. In addition, the wide application of this method, for example, in the territory of the Russian Federation, is limited by approved official instruction for the local application of the atropine solution in ophthalmology.

Keywords:

progressive myopia

atropine

axial eye length

Authors:

Avetisov S.É.

FGBU "Nauchno-issledovatel'skiĭ institut glaznykh bolezneĭ" RAMN, Moskva

Fisenko V.P.

Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2—4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991

Zhuravlev A.S.

Avetisov K.S.

FGBU "NII glaznykh bolezneĭ" RAMN

SPIN RSCI: 9920-7312
Scopus AuthorID: 8298053700
ORCID: 0000-0001-9195-8908

List of references:

Verzhanskaya TYu. Atropine use for progressive myopia in children and adolescents. Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2017;133(3):89-98. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17116/oftalma2017133389-98
Buch H. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment according to World Health Organization and United States criteria in an aged, urban Scandinavian population The Copenhagen City Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(12):2347-2357. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00823-5
Ganesan P, Wildsoet C. Pharmaceutical intervention for myopia control. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2010;5(6):759-787. https://doi.org/10.1586/eop.10.67
Lin L, Shih Y, Tsai C, et al. Epidemiologic Study of Ocular Refraction among Schoolchildren in Taiwan in 1995. Optometry and Vision Science. 1999;76(5):275-281. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-199905000-00013
Jobke S. The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany. Clinical Ophthalmology. 2008:601. https://doi.org/10.2147/opth.s2836
The impact of myopia and high myopia: report of the Joint World Health Organization — Brien Holden Vision Institute Global Scientifc Meeting on Myopia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 16—18 March 2015. Whoint. 2015. Accessed March 21, 2018. http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/MyopiaReportforWeb.pdf
Wolffsohn J, Calossi A, Cho P, et al. Global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice. Contact Lens and Anterior Eye. 2016;39(2):106-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2016.02.005
McBrien N, Moghaddam H, Reeder A. Atropine reduces experimental myopia and eye enlargement via a nonaccommodative mechanism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993;34(1):205-215.
Lind G, Chew S, Marzani D, Josh W. M1-subtype muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists reduce matrix production by scleral chondrocytes from chicks. Life Sci. 1997;60(13-14):1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3205(97)84353-6
McBrien N, Arumugam B, Gentle A, Chow A, Sahebjada S. The M4 muscarinic antagonist MT-3 inhibits myopia in chick: evidence for site of action. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 2011;31(5):529-539. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00841.x
Feldkaemper M, Schaeffel F. An updated view on the role of dopamine in myopia. Exp Eye Res. 2013;114:106-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2013.02.007
McBrien N, Cottriall C, Annies R. Retinal acetylcholine content in normal and myopic eyes: A role in ocular growth control? Vis Neurosci. 2001;18(4):571-580. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952523801184075
Schwahn H, Kaymak H, Schaeffel F. Effects of atropine on refractive development, dopamine release, and slow retinal potentials in the chick. Vis Neurosci. 2000;17(02):165-176. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800171184
Carr B, Stell W. Nitric Oxide (NO) Mediates the Inhibition of Form-Deprivation Myopia by Atropine in Chicks. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-016-0002-7
Luft W, Ming Y, Stell W. Variable Effects of Previously Untested Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists on Experimental Myopia. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science. 2003;44(3):1330. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.02-0796
Stone R, Lin T, Laties A. Muscarinic antagonist effects on experimental chick myopia. Exp Eye Res. 1991;52(6):755-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4835(91)90027-c
Cottriall C, Truong H, McBrien N. Inhibition of myopia development in chicks using himbacine: a role for M4 receptors? Neuroreport. 2001;12(11):2453-2456. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200108080-00033
McBrien N, Stell W, Carr B. How does atropine exert its anti-myopia effects? Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics. 2013;33(3):373-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12052
Derby H. On the atropine treatment of acquired and progressive myopia. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society. 1874;2:139.
Bedrossian R. Treatment of progressive myopia with atropine. XX International Congress of Ophthalmology. 1966;14-19.
Bedrossian R. The effect of atropine on myopia. Ann Ophthalmol. 1971;3(8):891-897.
Bedrossian R. The effect of atropine on myopia. Ophthalmology. 1979;86(5):713-719.
Kelly T, Chatfield C, Tustin G. Clinical assessment of the arrest of myopia. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 1975;59(10):529-538. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.59.10.529
Gimbel HV. The control of myopia with atropine. Can J Ophthalmol. 1973;8(4):527-532.
Dyer J. Role of Cycloplegics in Progressive Myopia. Ophthalmology. 1979;86(5):692-694. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(79)35459-8
Sampson W. Role of Cycloplegia in the Management of Functional Myopia. Ophthalmology. 1979;86(5):695-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(79)35458-6
Gruber E. Treatment of myopia with atropine and bifocals. Ophthalmology. 1985;92(7):985.
Brodstein R, Brodstein D, Olson R, Hunt S, Williams R. The Treatment of Myopia with Atropine and Bifocals. Ophthalmology. 1984;91(11):1373-1378. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34138-0
Brenner RL. Further observations on use of atropine in the treatment of myopia. Ann Ophthalmol. 1985;17(2):137-140.
Yen MY, Liu JH, Kao SC, Shiao CH. Comparison of the effect of atropine and cyclopentolate on myopia. Ann Ophthalmol. 1989;21(5):180-182, 187.
Chiang MF, Kouzis A, Pointer RW, Repka MX. Treatment of childhood myopia with atropine eyedrops and bifocal spectacles. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 2001;21(3):209-216.
Shih Y, Hsiao C, Chen C, Chang C, Hung P, Lin L. An intervention trial on efficacy of atropine and multi-focal glasses in controlling myopic progression. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 2001;79(3):233-236. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0420.2001.790304.x
Chua W, Balakrishnan V, Chan Y, et al. Atropine for the Treatment of Childhood Myopia. Ophthalmology. 2006;113(12):2285-2291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.05.062
Lee J, Fang P, Yang I, et al. Prevention of Myopia Progression with 0.05% Atropine Solution. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2006;22(1):41-46. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2006.22.41
Fang P, Chung M, Yu H, Wu P. Prevention of Myopia Onset with 0.025% Atropine in Premyopic Children. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2010;26(4):341-345. https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2009.0135
Chia A, Chua W, Cheung Y, et al. Atropine for the Treatment of Childhood Myopia: Safety and Efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01% Doses (Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2). Ophthalmology. 2012;119(2):347-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.07.031
Galvis V, Tello A, Parra M, Rodriguez C, Blanco O. Re: Chia et al.: Five-year clinical trial on atropine for the treatment of myopia 2: myopia control with atropine 0.01% eyedrops. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(6):40-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.12.037
Polling J, Kok R, Tideman J, Meskat B, Klaver C. Effectiveness study of atropine for progressive myopia in Europeans. Eye. 2016;30(7):998-1004. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2016.78
Morgan I, He M. An Important Step Forward in Myopia Prevention: Low-Dose Atropine. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(2):232-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.012
Loh K, Lu Q, Tan D, Chia A. Risk Factors for Progressive Myopia in the Atropine Therapy for Myopia Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;159(5):945-949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2015.01.029
Gong Q, Janowski M, Luo M, et al. Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Atropine in Childhood Myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017;135(6):624. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.1091
Wu JT, Yang C, Chen H. Does Atropine Use Increase Intraocular Pressure in Myopic Children? Optometry and Vision Science. 2012;89(2):161-167. https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e31823ac4c1
Lee C, Sun C, Lin Y, Lin K. Effects of topical atropine on intraocular pressure and myopia progression: a prospective comparative study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016;16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-016-0297-y
Luu C. Multifocal electroretinogram in children on atropine treatment for myopia. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2005;89(2):151-153. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2004.045526
Cooper J, Eisenberg N, Schulman E, Wang F. Maximum Atropine Dose Without Clinical Signs or Symptoms. Optometry and Vision Science. 2013;90(12):1467-1472. https://doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000000037
Loughman J, Flitcroft D. The acceptability and visual impact of 0.01% atropine in a Caucasian population. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016;100(11):1525-1529. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2015-307861
Fan D, Lam D, Chan C, Fan A, Cheung E, Rao S. Topical Atropine in Retarding Myopic Progression and Axial Length Growth in Children with Moderate to Severe Myopia: A Pilot Study. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2007;51(1):27-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-006-0380-7
Kumaran A, Htoon H, Tan D, Chia A. Analysis of Changes in Refraction and Biometry of Atropine- and Placebo-Treated Eyes. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science. 2015;56(9):5650. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-14716
Tarutta EP, Tarasova NA, Khodzhabekyan NV. Comprehensive investigation of subjective and objective accommodation parameters in children and teenagers with myopia. Oftal’mologicheskie vedomosti. 2013;6(2):3-9 (In Russ.)

Close metadata