Mastocytosis. Review of the literature and description of clinical cases

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The term mastocytosis (MC) encompasses a group of rare diseases characterized by the tumorous proliferation of clonal mast cells and the infiltration of one or several organs. The clinical picture of MC is extremely diverse from skin lesions that can spontaneously regress to the aggressive disease forms associated with organ dysfunction and short survival. Nowadays, the 2008 WHO classification identifies 7 MC subtypes. The disease is diagnosed on the basis of its clinical manifestations and detection of tumorous mast cell infiltrations via morphological, immunohistochemical, immunophenotypic, genetic, and molecular examinations. Abnormal mast cells are characterized by the atypical morphology and pathological expression of CD25 and CD2 antigens. Enhanced serum tryptase activity is a common sign in all MC subtypes. More than 90% of the patients have D816V KIT mutations in the mast cells. This paper reviews the literature. Three cases are described as a clinical example in patients with different MC subtypes.

Keywords:

cutaneous mastocytosis

systemic mastocytosis

mast cell leukemia

D816V KIT mutation

imatinib

Authors:

Melikjan A.L.

GBOU VPO «Pervyj MGMU im. I.M. Sechenova» Minzdrava Rossii, Moskva

Subortseva I.N.

FGBU "Gematologicheskiĭ nauchnyĭ tsentr" Minzdrava Rossii, Moskva

Goriacheva S.R.

FGBU "Gematologicheskiĭ nauchnyĭ tsentr" Minzdrava Rossii, Moskva

Kolosheĭnova T.I.

FGBU "Gematologicheskiĭ nauchnyĭ tsentr" Minzdrava Rossii, Moskva

Vakhrusheva M.V.

FGBU "Gematologicheskiĭ nauchnyĭ tsentr" Minzdrava Rossii, Moskva

Kovrigina A.M.

Nauchno-klinicheskoe otdelenie gematologicheskoĭ khirurgii Gematologicheskogo nauchnogo tsentra Minzdrava RF, Moskva

Sudarikov A.B.

Gematologicheskiĭ nauchnyĭ tsentr Minzdrava Rossii, Moskva

Dvirnyk V.N.

National research center for hematology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia

Obukhova T.N.

FGBU "Gematologicheskiĭ nauchnyĭ tsentr" Minzdrava Rossii, Moskva

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