Flow pattern characteristics depending on angle of inclination of bloodstained surface

Leonova E.N.; Nagornov M.N.; Makarova M.Yu.; Kalinin R.V.

doi:https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256803128

Leonova E.N.

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

ORCID: 0000-0003-0152-3113

Nagornov M.N.

Russian Center of Forensic Medical Expertise

ORCID: 0000-0001-5077-2090

Makarova M.Yu.

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University)

ORCID: 0009-0009-5097-0586

Kalinin R.V.

Ivanovo Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise

ORCID: 0000-0001-5863-0564

Flow pattern characteristics depending on angle of inclination of bloodstained surface

Authors:

Leonova E.N., Nagornov M.N., Makarova M.Yu., Kalinin R.V.

More about the authors

Journal: Forensic Medical Expertise. 2025;68(3): 28‑31

DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20256803128

Read: 526 times

Contact the author

Table of contents

To cite this article:

Leonova EN, Nagornov MN, Makarova MYu, Kalinin RV. Flow pattern characteristics depending on angle of inclination of bloodstained surface. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2025;68(3):28‑31. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20256803128

Подписка 2026 Судебно-медицинская экспертиза (Forensic Medical Expertise)

Использование инфографики авторами научных работ

Recommended articles:

Characteristics of bloodstain patterns in bleeding from a contused wound of head with rupture of a branch of superficial temporal artery. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2024;(6):12-16

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to determine the flow pattern characteristics depending on the angle of inclination of the surface on which bloodstains are formed. A large drip of donor human blood 80 µL was used. Experimental rectilinear strip-shaped flow patterns on the glass were obtained. The surface had a inclination of 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°. With increasing inclination angle, the length of the flow patterns increases from 24.5±0.07 to 48.3±0.02 cm, while the width decreases from 0.8±0.04 to 0.5±0.03 cm. The elements of the flow pattern structure are designated «head», «body» and end part. It is proposed to distinguish two types of flow pattern: the first one is formed when blood flows out of wound, the second one is formed when a drip or a limited blood mass falls on vertical or inclined surface.

Keywords:

bloodstain pattern analysis

flow pattern

types of flow pattern

flow pattern on inclined surface

surface inclination angle

Authors:

Leonova E.N.

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

ORCID: 0000-0003-0152-3113

Nagornov M.N.

Russian Center of Forensic Medical Expertise

ORCID: 0000-0001-5077-2090

Makarova M.Yu.

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University)

ORCID: 0009-0009-5097-0586

Kalinin R.V.

Ivanovo Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise

ORCID: 0000-0001-5863-0564

Received:

30.06.2024

Accepted:

09.07.2024

Close metadata

References:

Pigolkin YuI, Leonova EN, Leonov SV, Nagornov MN. Sudebno-meditsinskaya otsenka sledov krovi na meste proisshestviya. Uchebnoe posobie. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2023. (In Russ.).
Nazarov GN, Pashinyan GA. Mediko-kriminalisticheskoye issledovaniye sledov krovi. Prakticheskoye rukovodstvo. Nizhniy Novgorod: NGMA; 2003. (In Russ.).
Popov VL. Mediko-kriminalisticheskaya kharakteristika sledov krovi. Sankt-Peterburg: KOGUZ MIATS; 2010. (In Russ.).
Bevel T, Gardner RM. Bloodstain Pattern Analysis with an Introduction to Crime Scene Reconstruction. CRC Press, Taylor&Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida; 2008.
Zotova NV, Leonova EN, Nagornov MN. The analysis of the results of the medical criminalistics expertises of the blood stains performed at the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department during the period from 2011 till 2015. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2018;61(4):39-41. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed201861439
Nagornov MN, Leonova EN, Semenov AM. The specific features of the blood stains depending on their volume. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2018;61(2):14-17. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed201861214-17
Nagornov MN, Leonova EN, Lomakin YuV. Types of splashing of blood drops when falling on various surfaces. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2020;63(1):20-23. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20206301120
Nagornov MN, Leonova EN, Kucha AS. The specific features of the blood stains on the water-lubricated surfaces. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2017;60(5):15-17. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed201760515-17
Leonova EN, Nagornov MN, Lomakin YuV, Vlasyuk IV, Prokhorenko AS, Kucha AS. Influence of centigrade below zero temperature outdoors on morphology of drip stains of blood. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2019;62(3):33-36. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20196203133
Pigolkin YuI, Leonova EN, Vlasyuk IV, Kucha AS. Morphology of traces of large blood drops on a snow-covered surface with different bleeding source height. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2020;63(2):25-28. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20206302125
Pigolkin YuI, Lomakin YuV, Leonova EN, Nagornov MN. The study of blood stains at Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenov University over the period of its existence. Forensic Medical Expertise. 2021;64(3):64-68. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/sudmed20216403164
Bokarius NB. Naruzhny`j osmotr trupa na meste proisshestviya ili obnaruzheniya ego. Xar`kov: Yurid. izd-vo NYu USSR; 1929. (In Russ.).
Egorov NV, Kovalev AV, Kuzin SG, Loban IE, Maty`shev AA, Mishin ES, Molin YuA. Osmotr mesta proisshestviya I trupa. Sankt-Peterburg: ANOLA «Professional», 2017. (In Russ.).
Pigolkin YuI, Leonova EN, Nagornov MN. Model choice for the purpose of experimental studying of formation of blood traces of in forensic medicine. Vestnik sudebnoy meditsiny. 2015;4(1):28-30. (In Russ.).
Gerasimov AN. Meditsinskaya statistika. Moskva: MIA; 2007. (In Russ.).