The review emphasizes that the progression of labor is largely determined by a woman’s psychoemotional state during pregnancy and before giving birth. Attention is drawn to the special importance of using the method for the psychoprophylactic preparation of pregnant women for childbirth, which was proposed by the well-known Russian psychiatrist and therapist K.I. Platonov and developed by the Russian obstetrician/gynecologist I.Z. Velvovsky in the 1940s, which allows a parturient woman’s active conscious participation in the birth process, promoting the progression of labor and a decrease in painful sensations. The developed psychoprophylactic preparation system was actively introduced in obstetrical practice in all regions of the former USSR. Currently, this system is, however, not used in a number of maternity homes and women’s consultation clinics at all. At the same time, the international experience with the psychoprophylactic preparation of pregnant women for childbirth continues to evolve: the impact of individual support to a parturient woman (childbirth with the partner), various non-drug labor pain relief techniques, such as relaxation, massage, acupuncture, and reflexotherapy (water birth, vertical birth). The results show that the method for the psychoprophylactic preparation of a pregnant woman not only provides pain relief during labor, but also favorably affects its outcomes: reductions in the duration of childbirth, the frequency of surgical interventions, fetal and neonatal hypoxia, obstetric injuries, and the need for painkillers. The psychoprophylactic preparation of pregnant women must be an essential link in the obstetric system. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.