Objective — to study the specific features of sociohygienic characteristics in pregnant women living in middle-sized and small towns of the central part of the European Russian Federation. Subjects and methods. A continuous questionnaire survey was conducted in 631 first-trimester pregnant women followed up in a women’s health clinic. Group 1 consisted of 423 pregnant women living in a middle-sized town of the central part of the European Russian Federation (Ivanovo); Group 2 comprised 208 pregnant women from its small town (Tutaev, Yaroslavl Region). Results. The survey could reveal the regional features of sociohygienic characteristics in pregnant women from the middle-sized and small towns of the central part of European Russia, which may affect the course and outcome of pregnancy. There was a relationship of the sociohygienic characteristics, eating behavior, gynecological and somatic diseases, medical awareness, and activity of the women to the size, level of urbanization and technological development of an urban settlement. Conclusion. The findings may be used to work out regional prevention programs for adolescent girls and women to improve their reproductive health in both the middle-sized and small towns of the central part of European Russia. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.