To enhance the efficiency of diagnosing abnormalities of the cervix uteri, the investigators examined 416 patients aged 17 to 46 years with human papillomavirus (HPV)-caused cervical diseases, such as cervicitis and intraepithelial neoplasias. All the patients underwent comprehensive examination: optical coherent tomography with colposcopy; assessment of lower genital tract microbiocenosis by using etiotropic treatment, if needed; HIV testing, typing; viral load determination; liquid-based cytology; immunocytochemical determination of the oncomarker p16ink 4a; determination of HPV types 16 and 18 E7 oncoprotein; biopsy of the cervix uteri; cervical canal curettage if indicated. If the pathogenic, opportunistic, or fungal microfloras were found, treatment with polygynax (Laboratory Innotec International, France) was performed. A diagnostic testing algorithm was proposed for HIV-associated cervical pathology. The importance of HPV types 16 and 18 E7 oncoprotein determination was substantiated in the comprehensive examination of reproductive-aged patients with cervical pathology. In patients with latent and subclinical HIV infection, E7 oncoprotein determination is required to specify the phase of HPV existence in the host cell and to predict the realization of its oncogenic potential in order to draw up an individual patient management plan.