Postpartum birth control is an important component of preserving female health. The paper indicates the principles of choosing the means of contraception in the postpartum and characterizes methods, such as natural methods of birth control, sexual continence, lactational amenorrhea, nonhormonal methods, pure progestogen contraceptives, combined hormonal contraceptives, to be used after childbirth. Emphasis is laid on the benefit of lactational amenorrhea as a temporal family planning method. The indications for the use of pure progestogen agents are given. The gestagen-containing contraceptives contributing to enhanced lactation on breastfeeding have not been found to have negative effects, but their continuous use should be started at 6 weeks postpartum. It is essential to prenatally consult women on the issues of postpartum birth control.