The provision of vitamins A, E, D, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, folates, and carotenoids simultaneously was investigated in 2015—2017 in separate population groups (students, pregnant women, athletes, people employed in hazardous working conditions, patients with nutrition-dependent and infectious diseases) (a total of 1200 people) living in different regions. Objective — to analyze vitamin provision in Russia’s adult population and to identify priority deficiencies. To estimate the magnitude of the problem and to identify the most vulnerable population groups, data on the relative number of persons with vitamin deficiency were represented in the form of star diagrams. This made it possible to identify vitamins, the deficiency of which was most common, a priority for our country’s population and provided an opportunity to estimate the magnitude of the problem with deficiency of certain vitamins and their combinations. Vitamin D, B2 and beta-carotene deficiencies are a priority for the adult population. Vitamin C is most prosperous: its deficiency practically ceased to occur (in 1—2% of the surveyed population). Deficiency of B vitamins is now much more common than that of vitamins C, A, and E in the adult population. The investigators identified groups of people who were not sufficiently provided with other vitamins: vitamin A in pregnant women in the third trimester, residents in the Russian North, and patients with tuberculosis; vitamin E in industrial workers employed in hazardous working conditions and university students; folates in college students and obese patients; and vitamin B12 in vegetarians. Vitamin D deficiency, vitamin B2 deficiency, and carotenoid deficiency are most commonly concurrent. Simultaneous multivitamin deficiency occurs in 6-52% of the adult population.