To continuously improve treatment-and-prophylactic and sociomedical rehabilitation measures for circulatory system diseases (CSD), it is appropriate to carry out an in-depth analysis of the main indicators of primary disability in the subjects of the Russian Federation (RF). Objective — to analyze the main indicators of primary disability due to CSD in the adult population in a subject of the RF (in case of the Kemerovo Region), the Siberian Federal District (SFD), and the RF over time. Material and methods. The investigators assessed the 2014—2015 primary CSD disability-related indicators, such as the number of firstly recognized disabled people; primary disability rates (per 10,000 adult population), age and severity structure of primary disability; annual change rates in the Kemerovo Region versus those for the RF and SFD. Results. In the period 2010 to 2014, there was a positive trend in the indicators of primary disability due to CSD in the whole of Russia, SFD, and the Kemerovo Region. The latter showed the highest decline rate in the absolute number of firstly recognized CSD-related disabled people in 2010—2012 (15.6%); in 2011, there were changes in the severity structure of primary adult disability due to CSD: Disability Group III began to prevail since 2011; Group II had been dominant before. Over the analyzed period, the level of disability decreased in all age groups, including an able-bodied age group. Conclusion. The positive changes occurring in the care system for CSD patients have a certain impact on positive alterations in primary disability indicators in the Kemerovo Region, the decline in the proportion of CSD as a cause of primary disability in particular; there was a change in the structure of CSD-related disability towards «easier» group III and a decline in the number of firstly recognized disabled people.