OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate with usage a parametric model of the human proximal femoral epiphysis, the modularity of the neck and identify links between the individual modules and the dimensions of the head and the greater trochanter.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We used 53 macerated human femur bones from the osteological collection of the Department of Anatomy of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Ministry of Health, without differentiation by sex and body side. All bones belonged to middle-aged and elderly people with no pronounced bone pathology. The bones were photographed in a standard arrangement with a scale bar in the anteroposterior projection. The images were transferred to a personal computer and processed in AutoCAD 2019 software. All bones were divided into four groups according to epiphysis length (mm): 80—85; 85—90; 90—95; 95—100. A parametric neck model consisting of three modules was obtained and their areas were calculated.
RESULTS
The proposed model made it possible with usage standardized points, to identify three modules in the femoral neck: proximal, intermediate and distal, each of which increased with lengthening of the proximal epiphysis. The average increase in area of the entire femoral neck was 29.5% when the epiphysis was lengthened from 80 mm to 100 mm. However, each module retained its specific weight in the structure of the total neck area in all study groups.
CONCLUSION
The study showed that the proposed landmarks for constructing a model of the human femoral neck make it possible to identify three modules, each of which is characterized by certain values of its area, while the ratio of module areas does not reliably change with increasing the size of the proximal epiphysis. The proposed parametric model of the modular structure of the femoral neck may be of interest for researchers in various fields of medicine, because with its help you cannot only study features of normal anatomy and the course of pathological processes in the proximal epiphysis, but also to prevent them.
