Drainage of the pleural cavity plays a special and sometimes a pivotal part in the surgical treatment of chest cavity. Thorax injuries and disorders accompany humanity as long as it exists. The first written evidence of treating the sick that had cavity injuries dates back to the building of the Great Pyramid. Open drainage as a means of treatment was mentioned back in the classical age time period of Greece. Puncture treatment was suggested by Boerhaave in 1873. Passive gravity-assisted drainage system involving the use of a water seal was put into medical practice in the last quarter of the 19c. Since the middle of the last century some types of pleural cavity drainage equipment such as anti-reflux valve, thoracic trocar cannula, Seldinger catheter and others have been introduced in thoracic surgery in abundance. The disadvantages of these numerous types of equipment are the complicacy of usage and the long duration of conducting manipulations (due to multiple stages). The group of authors has probed a method of simultaneous drainage of pneumothorax and hydrothorax and the equipment for simultaneous drainage of pneumothorax and hydrothorax has been created (a method of simultaneous drainage of pneumothorax and hydrothorax and the equipment for simultaneous drainage of pneumohydrothorax has been created). The advantage of this method is the capability of conducting a simultaneous drainage of the upper and lower parts of a pleural cavity with the topographic anatomical position of drain tubes in case of emergency. Trocar adapter allows conducting pleurocentesis under the conditions of urgent surgery, without engaging any in-patient specialists of thoracic surgery, as well as in battle-field surgery.